**17. Optimal sleep**

Optimal sleep is a condition for a healthy lifestyle. The quality of good sleep will be recognized by three elements:


#### **17.1 Sleep disorders**

These disorders, like insomnia or sleep apnea, are related to obesity. In the obesity management process, Sleep Hygiene guidelines elaborated by the World Sleep Society may prevent poor quality nocturnal sleep, fragmentation of sleep, short duration of sleep, and even sleep deprivation in adults.

#### **17.2 Ten lessons for a healthy sleep for adults, recommended by world sleep society (2021 world sleep day), will be simple and concrete lifestyle advice in obesity management**


## **17.3 Sleep deprivation risks**

Short sleep duration is associated with hypercaloric food and an elevated intake of fats. Sleep may impact the time of meals, being related to intake behaviors. Specific evidence points out altered eating behavior, with frequent snacks, which are described as highly palatable and energy-dense throughout the whole day but also concentrated during the night for some short sleepers. These are important aspects, contributing to an unhealthy diet, predisposing people to noncommunicable diseases, and obesity. During anamnesis, a question about the duration and quality/depth of sleep is mandatory, as short sleep or sleep disorders are closely related to obesity [29].
