**18. Smoking**

A healthy lifestyle means no smoking. Continuous efforts should be done by the medical community to stop smoking and decrease the number of people starting smoking.

#### **18.1 Smoking cessation and weight gain**

Smoking cessation is a real challenge and weight gain associated has to be carefully managed [30].

Particularly important for people with type 2 diabetes, due to their high cardiovascular risk augmented by insulin resistance and smoking. However, if smoking cessation is accompanied by weight gain—usually 4 kg/year of abstinence—this will dilute the health benefits of quitting. Nutritional counseling should be done in parallel with smoking cessation in order to maintain weight.
