**Integrated Study on the Distribution of Contamination Flow Path at a Waste Disposal Site in Malaysia**

Kamarudin Samuding1, Mohd Tadza Abdul Rahman1, Ismail Abustan2, Lakam Mejus1 and Roslanzairi Mostapa1 *1Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia), Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, 2School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia* 

#### **1. Introduction**

54 Municipal and Industrial Waste Disposal

Robertson, P. K.; Campanella, R. G., Gillespie, D. & Greig, J. (1986). Use of piezometer cone

Robertson, P. K. & Cabal, K. L. (2008). *Guide to Cone Penetration Testing for Geo-Environmental* 

Robertson, P. K. & Campanella, R. G. (1988). *Guidelines for Geotechnical Design Using CPT and* 

Rowe, R. K.; Caers, C. J. & Barone, F. S. (1988). Laboratory Determination of Diffusion and

Shackelford, C. D. (1993). Contaminant Transport. *Geotechnical Practice for Waste Disposal*,

Shackelford, C. D. (1994). Critical Concepts for Column Testing. *Journal of Geotechnical* 

Shackelford, C. D. & Daniel, D. E. (1991). Diffusion in Saturated Soil. I: Background. *Journal* 

Shinn II, J.D. & Bratton, W.L. (1995). Innovations with CPT for environmental site

Stuermer, M. M. (2005). *Contribuição ao Estudo de um Solo Saprolítico como Revestimento* 

Thornthwaite, C.W. & Mather, J.R. (1955). *The water balance*. Publications in Climatology.

US EPA (1989). Seminar on Site Characterization for Subsurface Remediations. *United States Environmental Protection Agency*, Technology Transfer, Report CERI-89-224, 350p. US EPA (1993). *SW-846 pH in Liquid and Soil.* Method 9040 (Liquid) and SW-846 Method

Ustra, A. T.; Elis, V. R.; Mondelli, G.; Zuquette, L. V. & Giacheti, H. L. (2011). Case Study: A

Yong, R. N. (2001). *Geoenvironmental Engineering: Contaminated Soils, Pollutant Fate &* 

Yong, R. N.; Mohamed, A. M. O. & Warkentin, B. P. (1992). *Principles of Contaminant* 

Zuquette, L. V.; Palma, J. B. & Pejon, O. J. (2005). Environmental Assessment of an

Uncontrolled Sanitary Landfill. *Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,*

Disposal Site in Brazil. *Environmental Earth Sciences*, in press (online). Weemes, I. (1990). *A Resistivity Cone Penetrometer for Ground-Water Studies.* MASc, University

3D Resistivity and Induced Polarization Imaging from Downstream a Waste

*Impermeabilizante de Fundo de Aterros de Resíduos*. PhD, Department of Structures and Geotechnical Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil. Telford, W. M.; Geldart, L. P.; Sheriff, R. E. & Keys, D. A. (1990). *Applied Geophysics,*

Distribution Coefficients of Contaminants Using Undisturbed Clayey Soil. *Canadian* 

data, *Proc. of the In-Situ-86*, *ASCE Specialty Conference*, p. 1263-1280

*Engineering*. Gregg Drilling & Testing, Inc., 2nd Edition, 84 p.

*CPTU Data*. Report FHWA, 340p.

Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 33-65.

*Engineering,* Vol.120, pp.1804-1828.

Cambridge University Press, 860 p.

*Mitigation*. CRC Press, USA, 307p

Vol.64, pp.257-271.

9045 (Soil).

*Geotechnical Journal,* Vol.25, No.1, pp. 108-118.

*of Geotechnical Engineering*, Vol.117, No.3, pp. 467-484.

New Jersey: Drexel Institute of Technology, 104p.

of British Columbia, Department of Civil Engineering.

*Transport in Soils*. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 327 p.

characterization", *Proceedings of CPT'95*, Vol. 2, pp. 93-98.

Generally, the amount of solid waste generation is increasing as the economy and population continue to grow all around the world. The world's total solid waste generation was about 12.7 billion tonnes in 2000, and this is predicted to rise to about 19.0 billion tonnes in 2025 (Yoshizawa et al. 2004). In the case of Malaysia, it is estimated that 17,000 tonnes of solid waste is generated every day, and this will increase to more than 30,000 tonnes per day by 2020 consequent upon the increasing population and per capita waste generation (MHLG, 2003). Recently, the per capita generation of solid waste in Malaysia varies with an average from 0.8 to 1.0 kg/day depending on the economic status of an area (MHLG, 2003). Fauziah and Agamuthu (2006) estimated that the generation rate of solid waste may be increased by 3% per year due to the increase in population and the economic development in the country.

According to Mitsuo et al. (2008), solid waste accumulated in waste disposal sites or landfills can be decomposed by a combination of chemical, physical, and biological processes. Those decomposition processes occur as infiltrative water percolates through the solid waste in the landfill. As a result, various organic and inorganic compounds leach out from the landfill. The products of the complex combination of reactions are potentially transported further by the percolating leachate. Thus landfill leachate contains many constituents including potentially toxic substances, and its quality is heterogeneous. In this case the migration provokes environmental pollution especially in the local subsurface zone and hydrosphere. This phenomenon can be found around open-dump sites.

Most of the waste disposal site in Malaysia can be categorized as open dump sites which are usually without proper liner, treatment facilities and final capping. Until 2008, there are 180 landfills still in operation (Aziz, 2009). Most of these landfills are poorly managed and as a

Integrated Study

on the Distribution of Contamination Flow Path at a Waste Disposal Site in Malaysia 57

This area is one of the wettest areas in Malaysia because of high average annual rainfall (an average of 4000mm). Larut River and its tributary Batu Tegoh River border the landfill site on the south and east respectively. The North-South Highway is just west of the site while at the north of the site is another pond and oil palm estate. The site is in a rural area, and has sparse vegetation and poor fauna. Geologically, the site is located in an area where the formation is of the Quaternary period consisting of mainly recent alluvium. The soil investigation carried out by a consultant in 1993 at the site showed that the soil consists of

silty sand with tracers of gravel over a layer of sandy silty clay.

Fig. 1. Map of study area at Taiping waste disposal site.

This chapter deals with field survey, sampling and laboratory test. Field survey involves geophysical investigation and groundwater flow study. In this study, electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) and colloidal boroscope system (CBS) were carried out to detect the flow path of leachate plume to the groundwater contamination at a waste disposal site. In addition, groundwater was sampled at every existing borehole within the study area in order to understand the scenario of the leachate plume distribution. The groundwater samples were

**3. Material and method** 

consequence leachate will easily migrated to the surrounding area through soils, subsurface geological strata and finally to the groundwater. The high annual rainfall in Malaysia with an average of 3000mm (Department of Irrigation and Drainage 2000, unpublished) also influenced the generation of leachate at these landfills. This situation will give some impact especially to the soil and groundwater contamination beneath a landfill site and poses a continuing risk to human health and the environment. Liquid contaminants can migrate through the soil matrix and leach into groundwater, while solid and semi-solid pollutants may be transported and dispersed through the subsurface (GETF, 1996).

The problem of groundwater contamination by Waste disposal site is steadily growing worse in Malaysia due to the way of managing municipal solid wastes (Mohd Tadza et al, 1999). Previous studies that were carried out at waste disposal sites in Malaysia (such as Gemencheh and Pulau Burung) indicate that the quality of groundwater decreased due to the leachate movement into the groundwater system (Mohd. Tadza et al., 1999 and Mohd Tadza et al., 2005). High concentration of heavy metals such as lead, copper, nickel, cadmium and zinc can cause serious water pollution and threaten the environment (Aziz et al., 2004a; Ngah et al., 2008). To solve these problems, the contaminants must be removed or treated from the leachate (Kadirvelu et al., 2001).

The waste disposal are well known to release large amounts of organic and inorganic contaminants via leachate. In humid and semi-humid regions, leachate is produced primarily in association with precipitation that infiltrates through the refuse in landfill. Continuation of leachate generation at the landfill site will normally result in the migration of leachate plume into the underlying groundwater zone and pollutes it. A variety of heavy metals are frequently found in landfill leachate including, iron, zinc, copper, cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium and mercury (Ozturk et al., 2003; Aziz et al., 2004). In several instances, heavy metal concentrations in leachate increased by time because they are nonbiodegradable and they can be accumulated in living tissues and causing various diseases and disorders (Wan Ngah and Hanafiah, 2008).

Since the refuse has the potential to contaminate the ground water system, there is a need to study the degree of pollution in groundwater and to assess the distribution and flowpath of pollutant species and their impact on water quality. In this chapter, integrated study with various approaches was conducted in order to determine the seriousness of the distribution and flow path of the contaminant to the surrounding area in a selected waste disposal site at Taiping, Perak. Malaysia.

#### **2. Description of the site**

The Taiping landfill is located in the state of Perak at 4 49'N, 100 41'E, covering an area of 50 acres (Figure 1). Since starting its operation in 1995, roughly about 660,000 metric tons (about 200 metric tons daily) of domestic wastes had been dumped in the area. The topography in the vicinity of the landfill is generally flat and low lying with local elevations at the site ranging from a high of 3.3m above sea level to a low of 1.8m. The climate of the area is classified as typical of Peninsula Malaysia (equatorial) characterized by uniform temperature (daily mean minimum and maximum of 30OC and 34OC respectively) and high humidity (80% - 90%).

This area is one of the wettest areas in Malaysia because of high average annual rainfall (an average of 4000mm). Larut River and its tributary Batu Tegoh River border the landfill site on the south and east respectively. The North-South Highway is just west of the site while at the north of the site is another pond and oil palm estate. The site is in a rural area, and has sparse vegetation and poor fauna. Geologically, the site is located in an area where the formation is of the Quaternary period consisting of mainly recent alluvium. The soil investigation carried out by a consultant in 1993 at the site showed that the soil consists of silty sand with tracers of gravel over a layer of sandy silty clay.

Fig. 1. Map of study area at Taiping waste disposal site.

### **3. Material and method**

56 Municipal and Industrial Waste Disposal

consequence leachate will easily migrated to the surrounding area through soils, subsurface geological strata and finally to the groundwater. The high annual rainfall in Malaysia with an average of 3000mm (Department of Irrigation and Drainage 2000, unpublished) also influenced the generation of leachate at these landfills. This situation will give some impact especially to the soil and groundwater contamination beneath a landfill site and poses a continuing risk to human health and the environment. Liquid contaminants can migrate through the soil matrix and leach into groundwater, while solid and semi-solid pollutants

The problem of groundwater contamination by Waste disposal site is steadily growing worse in Malaysia due to the way of managing municipal solid wastes (Mohd Tadza et al, 1999). Previous studies that were carried out at waste disposal sites in Malaysia (such as Gemencheh and Pulau Burung) indicate that the quality of groundwater decreased due to the leachate movement into the groundwater system (Mohd. Tadza et al., 1999 and Mohd Tadza et al., 2005). High concentration of heavy metals such as lead, copper, nickel, cadmium and zinc can cause serious water pollution and threaten the environment (Aziz et al., 2004a; Ngah et al., 2008). To solve these problems, the contaminants must be removed or

The waste disposal are well known to release large amounts of organic and inorganic contaminants via leachate. In humid and semi-humid regions, leachate is produced primarily in association with precipitation that infiltrates through the refuse in landfill. Continuation of leachate generation at the landfill site will normally result in the migration of leachate plume into the underlying groundwater zone and pollutes it. A variety of heavy metals are frequently found in landfill leachate including, iron, zinc, copper, cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium and mercury (Ozturk et al., 2003; Aziz et al., 2004). In several instances, heavy metal concentrations in leachate increased by time because they are nonbiodegradable and they can be accumulated in living tissues and causing various diseases

Since the refuse has the potential to contaminate the ground water system, there is a need to study the degree of pollution in groundwater and to assess the distribution and flowpath of pollutant species and their impact on water quality. In this chapter, integrated study with various approaches was conducted in order to determine the seriousness of the distribution and flow path of the contaminant to the surrounding area in a selected waste disposal site at

50 acres (Figure 1). Since starting its operation in 1995, roughly about 660,000 metric tons (about 200 metric tons daily) of domestic wastes had been dumped in the area. The topography in the vicinity of the landfill is generally flat and low lying with local elevations at the site ranging from a high of 3.3m above sea level to a low of 1.8m. The climate of the area is classified as typical of Peninsula Malaysia (equatorial) characterized by uniform temperature (daily mean minimum and maximum of 30OC and 34OC respectively) and high

49'N, 100

41'E, covering an area of

may be transported and dispersed through the subsurface (GETF, 1996).

treated from the leachate (Kadirvelu et al., 2001).

and disorders (Wan Ngah and Hanafiah, 2008).

The Taiping landfill is located in the state of Perak at 4

Taiping, Perak. Malaysia.

humidity (80% - 90%).

**2. Description of the site** 

This chapter deals with field survey, sampling and laboratory test. Field survey involves geophysical investigation and groundwater flow study. In this study, electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) and colloidal boroscope system (CBS) were carried out to detect the flow path of leachate plume to the groundwater contamination at a waste disposal site. In addition, groundwater was sampled at every existing borehole within the study area in order to understand the scenario of the leachate plume distribution. The groundwater samples were

Integrated Study

on the Distribution of Contamination Flow Path at a Waste Disposal Site in Malaysia 59

Fig. 2. The general setup and the resulting image processed by 2D inversion

average particle size, number of particles, speed and direction.

The colloidal boroscope consists of two CCD (Charged-couple Device) cameras, a digital compass, an optical magnification lens, an illumination source and stainless steel housing. The device is approximately 89 cm long and has a diameter 44mm, thus facilitating insertion into a 50 mm diameter monitoring well. Data from the colloidal borescope is transferred to the camera control unit (CCU) at the surface by high strength electrical cable. The camera housing and light head are made of stainless steel, and are sealed for underwater used to

In this study, single well method was used to determine the groundwater velocity and flow direction. The colloidal borescope was inserted into the well at certain depth to monitor the movement of suspended particles. Upon insertion into a well, an electronic image magnified 140x was transmitted to the surface, where it was viewed by one of the CCD cameras in order to align the borescope in the well. As particles pass beneath the lens, the back lighting source illuminated the particles similar to a conventional microscope with lighted stage. A video frame grabber digitised individual video frames at intervals selected by the operator. AquaLITE Software package developed by Ridge National Laboratory compared the two digitized video frames, matched particles from the two images and assign pixel addresses to the particles. Using this information, the software programs computed and record the

When the colloidal borescope is inserted into a monitoring well, it directly measures the movement of colloids. With the insertion, the flow would initially swirl and manifest as multidirectional. If the borescope were moved after being placed into the well, swirling flow would continue. Consequently, it is necessary to secure the instrument cable on the surface to prevent movement of the borescope. Generally, after 20−30 min, laminar horizontal flow would dominate, and this could be observed in wells for certain periods of time. By plotting the trajectory and speed of colloidal particles across the screen with AquaLITE, the relative

**3.2 Colloidal Borescope System (CBS)** 

100 meter depths (**Figure 3)**.

flow direction was determined .

analyse for their heavy metals content in the laboratory by using Inductively Couple Plasma Spectrometer (ICP-MS, model, Perkin – Elmer Optima 3000). Surfer software was used to plot the contours of heavy metals concentrations within the study area. These findings will help Local Authorities to take some immediate action to improve the existing landfill site for instances improving the leachate treatment facility and upgrading the infrastructure inside the landfill site.

#### **3.1 Electrical resistivity imaging**

Groundwater contamination investigation at the study site begin with minimally intrusive technique, called initial field screening technique. This technique is less expensive than the more intrusive techniques such as soil borings, test pits, and well monitoring. One of the principal categories of initial field screening techniques is shallow or surface geophysical survey, which include electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) technique. Knowing the depth of interest and data density necessitate, the configuration setting should be highly sensitive to ground conditions.

Shallow geophysical investigation can be considered as effective and reliable approach for characterize landfill sites. Recently developed geophysical hardware and software tools provide the opportunity to image the vertical structure of a landfill and its geologic setting. Electrical methods with multiple arrays have been widely used to detect spread of contamination, conductive media and groundwater contamination monitoring (Mota et al. 2004; Rosqvist et al. 2003; Buselli and Kanglin Lu 2001; Buselli et al.,1999). This methods also used to identify the limits and thickness of the dumpsite, delineated the base of a landfill and mapping the geometries of the host sediments (Cardarelli and Bernabini 1997; De Iaco et al. 2003; Gilles 2006).

ERI utilizes the injection of electrical current directly into the ground through current electrodes. The resulting voltage potential difference is measured between a pair of potential electrodes. The current and the potential electrodes are generally arranged in a linear pattern (**Figure 2**). The apparent resistivity is the bulk average resistivity of all soils and rock influencing the flow of current. It is calculated by dividing the measured potential difference by the input current, and multiplying by a geometric factor. The geometric correction is based on the arrangement of the current electrode or transmitter and the potential electrode or receiver in relation to each other.

The RES2DINV.EXE software is used to process the measured data involving inversion and to determine a 2-D resistivity model (Loke and Barker 1996). The Wenner-L and Wenner-S arrays were chosen due to it highly sensitivity to vertical-horizontal changes and the combination has a good vertical resolution to image the contaminated groundwater boundaries. The ERI survey at this site was carried out using ABEM Terrameter SAS4000 connected to LUND electrode selector 464 system (ES464) (ABEM 1998a, 1998b).

In practice, a line of multiple electrodes is deployed across the land surface. Electrodes are sequentially activated as either current or potential electrodes, and apparent resitivities are determined for numerous overlapping electrode configurations. The Wenner array was chosen in this study for several reasons. It is a robust array in the presence of measurement noise. It is well suited to resolving horizontal structures because it is more sensitive to vertical changes in resistivity than to horizontal changes in resistivity (Loke 2003).

Fig. 2. The general setup and the resulting image processed by 2D inversion

#### **3.2 Colloidal Borescope System (CBS)**

58 Municipal and Industrial Waste Disposal

analyse for their heavy metals content in the laboratory by using Inductively Couple Plasma Spectrometer (ICP-MS, model, Perkin – Elmer Optima 3000). Surfer software was used to plot the contours of heavy metals concentrations within the study area. These findings will help Local Authorities to take some immediate action to improve the existing landfill site for instances improving the leachate treatment facility and upgrading the infrastructure inside

Groundwater contamination investigation at the study site begin with minimally intrusive technique, called initial field screening technique. This technique is less expensive than the more intrusive techniques such as soil borings, test pits, and well monitoring. One of the principal categories of initial field screening techniques is shallow or surface geophysical survey, which include electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) technique. Knowing the depth of interest and data density necessitate, the configuration setting should be highly sensitive to

Shallow geophysical investigation can be considered as effective and reliable approach for characterize landfill sites. Recently developed geophysical hardware and software tools provide the opportunity to image the vertical structure of a landfill and its geologic setting. Electrical methods with multiple arrays have been widely used to detect spread of contamination, conductive media and groundwater contamination monitoring (Mota et al. 2004; Rosqvist et al. 2003; Buselli and Kanglin Lu 2001; Buselli et al.,1999). This methods also used to identify the limits and thickness of the dumpsite, delineated the base of a landfill and mapping the geometries of the host sediments (Cardarelli and Bernabini 1997; De Iaco

ERI utilizes the injection of electrical current directly into the ground through current electrodes. The resulting voltage potential difference is measured between a pair of potential electrodes. The current and the potential electrodes are generally arranged in a linear pattern (**Figure 2**). The apparent resistivity is the bulk average resistivity of all soils and rock influencing the flow of current. It is calculated by dividing the measured potential difference by the input current, and multiplying by a geometric factor. The geometric correction is based on the arrangement of the current electrode or transmitter and the potential electrode

The RES2DINV.EXE software is used to process the measured data involving inversion and to determine a 2-D resistivity model (Loke and Barker 1996). The Wenner-L and Wenner-S arrays were chosen due to it highly sensitivity to vertical-horizontal changes and the combination has a good vertical resolution to image the contaminated groundwater boundaries. The ERI survey at this site was carried out using ABEM Terrameter SAS4000

In practice, a line of multiple electrodes is deployed across the land surface. Electrodes are sequentially activated as either current or potential electrodes, and apparent resitivities are determined for numerous overlapping electrode configurations. The Wenner array was chosen in this study for several reasons. It is a robust array in the presence of measurement noise. It is well suited to resolving horizontal structures because it is more sensitive to

connected to LUND electrode selector 464 system (ES464) (ABEM 1998a, 1998b).

vertical changes in resistivity than to horizontal changes in resistivity (Loke 2003).

the landfill site.

ground conditions.

et al. 2003; Gilles 2006).

or receiver in relation to each other.

**3.1 Electrical resistivity imaging** 

The colloidal boroscope consists of two CCD (Charged-couple Device) cameras, a digital compass, an optical magnification lens, an illumination source and stainless steel housing. The device is approximately 89 cm long and has a diameter 44mm, thus facilitating insertion into a 50 mm diameter monitoring well. Data from the colloidal borescope is transferred to the camera control unit (CCU) at the surface by high strength electrical cable. The camera housing and light head are made of stainless steel, and are sealed for underwater used to 100 meter depths (**Figure 3)**.

In this study, single well method was used to determine the groundwater velocity and flow direction. The colloidal borescope was inserted into the well at certain depth to monitor the movement of suspended particles. Upon insertion into a well, an electronic image magnified 140x was transmitted to the surface, where it was viewed by one of the CCD cameras in order to align the borescope in the well. As particles pass beneath the lens, the back lighting source illuminated the particles similar to a conventional microscope with lighted stage. A video frame grabber digitised individual video frames at intervals selected by the operator. AquaLITE Software package developed by Ridge National Laboratory compared the two digitized video frames, matched particles from the two images and assign pixel addresses to the particles. Using this information, the software programs computed and record the average particle size, number of particles, speed and direction.

When the colloidal borescope is inserted into a monitoring well, it directly measures the movement of colloids. With the insertion, the flow would initially swirl and manifest as multidirectional. If the borescope were moved after being placed into the well, swirling flow would continue. Consequently, it is necessary to secure the instrument cable on the surface to prevent movement of the borescope. Generally, after 20−30 min, laminar horizontal flow would dominate, and this could be observed in wells for certain periods of time. By plotting the trajectory and speed of colloidal particles across the screen with AquaLITE, the relative flow direction was determined .

Integrated Study

to the river at the south of the waste disposal site.

backfill material as suggested by (Loke and Barker, 1996).

1922

SAWIT

**200m**

TP10A

TP 10 TP 11TP 12

TP10B TP10C

LP LP LP LP LP TP TP T P TP

PAYA

Tarikh Butiran

Fig. 4. Location of ERI survey line at the waste disposal site

Fig. 5. Profile of ERI survey line inside the waste disposal area

PAM

**SL1**

RUMAHPONDOK SETOR BENGKEL

KOLAM KOLAM AIR KUMBAHAN %%c0.25m PAIP AIR

TP8B

TP 8

**SL5**

TP8C TP8A

( 22.956 ek )

**0m**

TP2

TP 2

Sg. Larut

9.290 ha 5181

T -15330.521 U 129363.606

1921

TP12

4419

DAERAH LARUT DAN MATANG MUKIM JEBONG

4418

U 129500

U 129700

4422

U 129300

*LIHAT GAMBARJAH (2) GAMBARJAH (1) LIHAT*

IKLAN PAPAN Pk

S2

S2

TP3

TP 3

berhadapan dengan Sek. Rendah Phui Choi, Kemunting.

Di tepi Pagar Kem Rejimen ke Infentri, SURVEYED BY : ZAINI & IBRAHIM COMPUTER BY : YANI Dikiri Jalan Kemunting Lama, 60m dari lampu isyarat Kemunting.

OF BENCH MARK : CHECKED BY : JOE DRAWN BY : JUAN BM.A.1147 20.746m BENCH MARK LEVEL BOOK : 1 BENCH MARK NO : TACHY BOOK NO : 2 LOCATION VALUE OF FIELD BOOK NO : 1 Adv. DIP(LS), Di p(LS)(MIT), MIS(M), M AALS *Consultants Jalal Johari* HJ. JALAL BIN HJ. JOHARINO. PELAN : JJC / 03 / 1256 / P1 Land Surveyor Licensed Under Act 458 (Revised 1991)

4423

4428

SAWIT

EP

**400m**

EP EP EP MH <sup>H</sup>

TANDAS PENGAWAL PONDOKGARAJ

TP11C TP11A

TP11B

PAIP AIR %%c0.25m

701

4429

U 129100

TAMAN TASEK BARU, 31400 IPOH NO. 601, JALAN SULTAN AZLAN SHAH UTARA, TEL : 05-5476676 & 05-5497031 FAX: 05-5476676 E-mail: jjcipoh@yahoo.com NO. 9127C LORONG PERAK, TEL : 03-41060392 & 41054969 FAX: 03-41055154 E-mail: jjc@tm.net.my TAMAN MELAWATI, 53100 KUALA LUMPUR

DILUKIS OLEH : JUANDI HJ JOHARI

JURUKUR TANAH BERLESEN

129000

129100

129200

129300

129400

129500

129600

129700

on the Distribution of Contamination Flow Path at a Waste Disposal Site in Malaysia 61

SL 4) were located at the outside the dumping site and one of the them was running parallel

Figures 5 show the results of SL 5 which was laid inside the waste disposal show the possible occurrence of leacheate contamination near the surface down to 15 meters depth. This is due to the presence of low resistivity layer (< 10 ohm-m) blue in colour at the depth of about 5-15 meters. This finding is similar to Aaltonen and Olofsson's (2002) study showing that leacheate from the waste disposal has a low resistivity (about 1 ohm). The resistivity values (green colour 10-100 m) normally indicate the existence of fresh water or sandy layer, while the highest resistivity values of (red color >100 Ohm.m ) due to the

> RUMAH USANG USANG

SAWIT

**0m**

Rujukan

T P TP TP

TP6B

TP 6

TP6A

TP5B

TP6A TP6B CP8

TP5A TP5C TP5D

TP 5

PAYA

K1

**300m**

K1

**200m**

**SL3**

TP5A TP5B TP5D Pg

TP4A

TP4B

TP 4

TP1

TP 1

BELUKAR KAWASAN LAPANG

**0m**

TBM JJC2 (A.L = 2.631m ) DIATAS PAIP BERKONKRIT

BELUKAR

5113 5112 5111 5110 5109 5108 5107 4430


SL-5

TANDAS

RUMAH

TP7B

TP 7

TP7B TP7A CP6

 Pg CP7

S1

S1

TP7A

**0m**

TIMBUNAN

SAMPAH

**SL4**

T P TP T P EP

TP9C

TP9B TP9A

TP 9

PINDAAN

KAWASAN LAPANG

PAYA

TBM JJC1 (A.L = 0.922m ) DIATAS PAIP BERKONKRIT

**200m**

EP EP EP

**SL2**

2329

**0 m**

KEBUN

LOMBONG

PYLON

Pg

K2

K2

KONKRIT JAMBATAN

PONDOK

4433

DILUKIS : DISEMAK : DILULUSKAN : DIREKABENTUK :

U 129102.395 T -14866.823

> <sup>20</sup> <sup>30</sup> <sup>40</sup> <sup>50</sup> 60 70 Mendatar 1 : 1000 <sup>0</sup> <sup>10</sup>

1655 1266

T P

( 24.391 ek )

9.871 ha

LOMBONG

Existing Pond

EP EP EP

RSK RUMAH SEPARUH KONKRIT

LURANG PILI BOMBA MH <sup>H</sup> TIANG TALIPON TIANG ELEKTRIK TIANG LAMPU PETUNJUK : EP TP LP PINTU PAGAR PAGAR

Waste disposal

Borehole Survey line

TP BOREHOLE

Pg Pancang Kayu Keras

BOREHOLE ARAS TP1 - CP502 1.819m TP2 - CP503 3.332m TP3 - CP2 2.719m TP12 - CP4 1.698m TP4A - STN2 2.192m TP5A - CP8 0.039m TP6A - CP6 3.155m TP7A - CP7 3.054m TP8A - CP1 3.894m TP9A - CP5 2.783m TP10A - CP3 1.512m TP11A - CP9 3.120m

TARIKH : TAJUK :

BIL. LUKISAN : MUKIM JEBONG, DAERAH LARUT KERJA - KERJA UKUR TOPOGRAFI DAN BUTIRAN BAGI PROJEK TAPAK PELUPUSAN SAMPAH DI ATAS LOT 5181 PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN.


0 100m

*Sg.Larut* BERKENAAN TAPAK

*Kg. Sg Mati Kg. Batu Lama Taman Kuningsari PENGKALAN AOR*

<sup>2329</sup> <sup>1915</sup> <sup>1922</sup> <sup>1921</sup> <sup>4419</sup> <sup>5181</sup> <sup>4427</sup> <sup>4428</sup> <sup>4422</sup> <sup>4423</sup> <sup>1914</sup> <sup>4418</sup> <sup>4417</sup> <sup>4420</sup> <sup>321</sup> <sup>322</sup>

<sup>1655</sup> <sup>5109</sup> <sup>5115</sup> <sup>5111</sup> <sup>5107</sup> <sup>4430</sup> <sup>701</sup> <sup>164</sup> <sup>894</sup> <sup>895</sup> <sup>4429</sup> <sup>631</sup> <sup>244</sup> <sup>5191</sup> <sup>713</sup> <sup>344</sup> <sup>375</sup> <sup>376</sup> <sup>337</sup>

<sup>2206</sup>

<sup>1916</sup>

*LARUT MATANG Kumbang Kg.Asam* Taman Permata

*Taman Lake View Boyan Jaya Taman Sri Taman Sri Larut Taman Bersatu Au Long Lama*

> > U 129300

U 129100

*Kg. Rimba Piatu Matang Besar Kg.*

<sup>U</sup> PELAN TAPAK SKALA : 8 RANTAI SEINCI NO. SYIT PIAWAI : 504

Kg. Teluk Kertang

5010

LEGEND

U 129500

423

TBM JJC3 (A.L = 2.609m ) DIATAS PAIP BERKONKRIT

*Kg. Batu Dua Kg.Batu Tegoh Kg. Jebong Kanan Kg. Jebong Kiri Kg. Tebok JEBONG*

<sup>U</sup> PELAN LOKASI SKALA : SATU BATU SEINCI NO. TOPO SYIT : 3363 & 3463

U 129700

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of Colloidal Borescope System

#### **3.3 Hydro geochemical**

Water sampling programme was conducted purposely to investigate the dispersion and flowpath of the pollutant species. A network of about twenty (20) observation points had been identified and collected for water samples that comprising of twelve (12) groundwater samples, three (3) river water samples, three (3) ex-mining pond and two (2) small streams.

Groundwater in all boreholes was sampled by using portable engine pump (Model Tanaka TCP 25B, maximum capacity: 110litres/min, maximum suction head: 8m and maximum delivery head: 40 m). Boreholes were pumped at least three well volumes before sampling to remove stagnant water in the borehole casing. Water samples for heavy metals analysis were collected in 1 liter High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) bottles which preserved with approximately 8 ml of 65% of nitric acid until the pH is < 2(Appelo and Postma , 1996). This process need to be follow in order to prevent the posibility of heavy metals pricipitated. The water samples were sent to a laboratory and analysed using the Perkin-Elmer Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Model (Perkin Elmer Model ELAN 6000).

#### **4. Results and discussion**

In general this project had demonstrated the use of integrated techniques in assessing the distribution of contamination flow path at selected waste disposal site in Malaysia. This integrated study need to be conducted in order to get more conclusive results.

#### **4.1 Electrical resistivity imaging**

The electrodes spacing for ERI survey was set at 5m apart with the length of 200m, 300m and 400m. Such an arrangement would provide resistivity layer output of the subsurface geological information up to approximately 30m and 65m below ground surface respectively. In the study, a total of five 2-D resistivity survey lines were carried out in the survey (SL-1 – SL-5) in order to get data covering the dumping site and its surrounding area (**Figure 4**). For the comparison purposes, one survey line (SL 5) was conducted on the refuse itself (inside the waste disposal – contaminated area). Four survey lines (SL 1, SL2, SL 3 and

Water sampling programme was conducted purposely to investigate the dispersion and flowpath of the pollutant species. A network of about twenty (20) observation points had been identified and collected for water samples that comprising of twelve (12) groundwater samples, three (3) river water samples, three (3) ex-mining pond and two (2) small streams. Groundwater in all boreholes was sampled by using portable engine pump (Model Tanaka TCP 25B, maximum capacity: 110litres/min, maximum suction head: 8m and maximum delivery head: 40 m). Boreholes were pumped at least three well volumes before sampling to remove stagnant water in the borehole casing. Water samples for heavy metals analysis were collected in 1 liter High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) bottles which preserved with approximately 8 ml of 65% of nitric acid until the pH is < 2(Appelo and Postma , 1996). This process need to be follow in order to prevent the posibility of heavy metals pricipitated. The water samples were sent to a laboratory and analysed using the Perkin-Elmer Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Model (Perkin Elmer Model ELAN 6000).

In general this project had demonstrated the use of integrated techniques in assessing the distribution of contamination flow path at selected waste disposal site in Malaysia. This

The electrodes spacing for ERI survey was set at 5m apart with the length of 200m, 300m and 400m. Such an arrangement would provide resistivity layer output of the subsurface geological information up to approximately 30m and 65m below ground surface respectively. In the study, a total of five 2-D resistivity survey lines were carried out in the survey (SL-1 – SL-5) in order to get data covering the dumping site and its surrounding area (**Figure 4**). For the comparison purposes, one survey line (SL 5) was conducted on the refuse itself (inside the waste disposal – contaminated area). Four survey lines (SL 1, SL2, SL 3 and

integrated study need to be conducted in order to get more conclusive results.

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of Colloidal Borescope System

**3.3 Hydro geochemical** 

**4. Results and discussion** 

**4.1 Electrical resistivity imaging** 

SL 4) were located at the outside the dumping site and one of the them was running parallel to the river at the south of the waste disposal site.

Figures 5 show the results of SL 5 which was laid inside the waste disposal show the possible occurrence of leacheate contamination near the surface down to 15 meters depth. This is due to the presence of low resistivity layer (< 10 ohm-m) blue in colour at the depth of about 5-15 meters. This finding is similar to Aaltonen and Olofsson's (2002) study showing that leacheate from the waste disposal has a low resistivity (about 1 ohm). The resistivity values (green colour 10-100 m) normally indicate the existence of fresh water or sandy layer, while the highest resistivity values of (red color >100 Ohm.m ) due to the backfill material as suggested by (Loke and Barker, 1996).

Fig. 4. Location of ERI survey line at the waste disposal site

SL-5

Fig. 5. Profile of ERI survey line inside the waste disposal area

Integrated Study

on the Distribution of Contamination Flow Path at a Waste Disposal Site in Malaysia 63

As a summary, this study demonstrates that the electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) is viable tool for mapping groundwater contamination because electrical conductivity is directly related to the dissolved solute content in water. However, this data should be confirmed by groundwater movement and groundwater quality analysis within a particular

The colloidal borescope system (CBS) was used at several boreholes at waste disposal site, Taiping, Perak. The purpose of this experiment was to determine groundwater flow pattern within the study area. Determining groundwater flow pattern was very important to obtain information on the migration and dispersion of pollutant materials seeping into the groundwater system. **Table 1** is a summary of the field results of groundwater flow velocity in the boreholes, as measured by the CBS. Based on results, the average of groundwater flow velocities is in the range of 1.09–3.86 x 10-4 m/sec. The various values of groundwater

**Figure 7** shows the regional and localized groundwater flow direction within the study area. Regional groundwater flow direction was obtained by using the conventional hydrological approach (i.e., by plotting the contour of groundwater table above mean sea level). From the plot, regional groundwater flow directions were quite scattered. For more detail, localized flow direction was obtained from colloidal borescope data. At the north of the study area the local groundwater flow is moving to the southeast and similar pattern can be seen at the center part of the study area. Whilst, at the south of the waste disposal site, which is bounded to the Sungai Larut, the local groundwater flow moved towards to the west and formed a localized groundwater, parallel to the river. Overall the localized flow directions dominantly flowed towards to southeast of the study site. These results can be

> **Boreholes Velocity (m/sec)**  TP1 3.86 x 10-4 TP2 3.80 x 10-4 TP3 2.74 x 10-4 TP4 2.53 x 10-4 TP5 1.09 x 10-4 TP6 1.20 x 10-4 TP7 1.89 x 10-4 TP8 1.27 x 10-4 TP9 1.28 x 10-4 TP10 1.22 x 10-4 TP11 1.09 x 10-4 TP12 2.98 x 10-4

hydrogeological strata by installing monitoring well.

flow velocities were due to the difference of soil strata.

correlated with the resistivity profile within the study site.

Table 1. Data of groundwater flow velocity at the study area

**4.2 Groundwater flow direction and velocity** 

Similar low resistivity values of <10ohm-m can be seen more prominent distributed at SL3 and SL4 which were laid near the waste disposal site (**Figure 6**). This is indicated that the flow path of the leachate is moving towards to the southeast of the waste disposal site and can be infiltrated up to 30 meters depth. Meanwhile, the resistivity profile at SL1 is seen not much effected by the leachate plume. As stated earlier, SL2 was located outside the waste disposal boundary and parralel to the river. The results show that the resistivity values mostly indicate the existence of fresh water.

Fig. 6. Profile of ERI survey lines at the sorrounding of waste disposal area

As a summary, this study demonstrates that the electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) is viable tool for mapping groundwater contamination because electrical conductivity is directly related to the dissolved solute content in water. However, this data should be confirmed by groundwater movement and groundwater quality analysis within a particular hydrogeological strata by installing monitoring well.

#### **4.2 Groundwater flow direction and velocity**

62 Municipal and Industrial Waste Disposal

Similar low resistivity values of <10ohm-m can be seen more prominent distributed at SL3 and SL4 which were laid near the waste disposal site (**Figure 6**). This is indicated that the flow path of the leachate is moving towards to the southeast of the waste disposal site and can be infiltrated up to 30 meters depth. Meanwhile, the resistivity profile at SL1 is seen not much effected by the leachate plume. As stated earlier, SL2 was located outside the waste disposal boundary and parralel to the river. The results show that the resistivity values

SL-1

SL-2

SL-3

TP6

SL-4

Fig. 6. Profile of ERI survey lines at the sorrounding of waste disposal area

TP6

mostly indicate the existence of fresh water.

The colloidal borescope system (CBS) was used at several boreholes at waste disposal site, Taiping, Perak. The purpose of this experiment was to determine groundwater flow pattern within the study area. Determining groundwater flow pattern was very important to obtain information on the migration and dispersion of pollutant materials seeping into the groundwater system. **Table 1** is a summary of the field results of groundwater flow velocity in the boreholes, as measured by the CBS. Based on results, the average of groundwater flow velocities is in the range of 1.09–3.86 x 10-4 m/sec. The various values of groundwater flow velocities were due to the difference of soil strata.

**Figure 7** shows the regional and localized groundwater flow direction within the study area. Regional groundwater flow direction was obtained by using the conventional hydrological approach (i.e., by plotting the contour of groundwater table above mean sea level). From the plot, regional groundwater flow directions were quite scattered. For more detail, localized flow direction was obtained from colloidal borescope data. At the north of the study area the local groundwater flow is moving to the southeast and similar pattern can be seen at the center part of the study area. Whilst, at the south of the waste disposal site, which is bounded to the Sungai Larut, the local groundwater flow moved towards to the west and formed a localized groundwater, parallel to the river. Overall the localized flow directions dominantly flowed towards to southeast of the study site. These results can be correlated with the resistivity profile within the study site.


Table 1. Data of groundwater flow velocity at the study area

Integrated Study

T -15330.521 U 129363.606

1921

TP12

TP 12

4419

DAERAH LARUT DAN MATANG MUKIM JEBONG

4418

U 129500

U 129700

4422

U 129300

1922

SAWIT

TP10A

TP10B TP10C

TP 10

LP LP LP LP LP TP TP TP TP

PAYA

RUMAHU 129100

Tarikh Butiran

PAM

RUMAH PONDOK SETOR BENGKEL

KOLAM KOLAM AIR KUMBAHAN %%c0.25m PAIP AIR

TP8B

TP 8

TP8C TP8A

( 22.956 ek )

TP2

TP 2

Sg. Larut

9.290 ha 5181

*LIHAT GAMBARJAH (2) GAMBARJAH (1) LIHAT*

IKLAN PAPAN Pk

S2

S2

TP3

TP 3

berhadapan dengan Sek. Rendah Phui Choi, Kemunting.

Di tepi Pagar Kem Rejimen ke Infentri, SURVEYED BY : ZAINI & IBRAHIM COMPUTER BY : YANI Dikiri Jalan Kemunting Lama, 60m dari lampu isyarat Kemunting.

OF BENCH MARK : CHECKED BY : JOE DRAWN BY : JUAN BM.A.1147 20.746m BENCH MARK LEVEL BOOK : 1 BENCH MARK NO : TACHY BOOK NO : 2 LOCATION VALUE OF FIELD BOOK NO : 1 Adv. DIP(LS), Dip(LS)(MIT), MIS(M), MAALS *Consultants Jalal Johari* HJ. JALAL BIN HJ. JOHARINO. PELAN : JJC / 03 / 1256 / P1 Land Surveyor Licensed Under Act 458 (Revi sed 1991)

4423

4428

SAWIT

EP

EP EP EP MHH

TANDAS PENGAWAL PONDOK GARAJ

TP 11

TP11C TP11A

TP11B

PAIP AIR %%c0.25m

701

Fig. 8. Distribution of lead (Pb) at the study area

T - 15330.521 U 129363.606

1921

TP12

4419

DAERAH LARUT DAN MATANG MUKIM JEBONG

4418

U 129500

U 129700

4422

U 129300

1922

SAWIT

TP10A

TP10B TP10C

TP 10 TP 11TP 12

L P L P LP LP L P T P T P T P T P

PAYA

Tar ikh Buti ran

PAM

RUMAHPONDOK SETOR BENGKEL

KOLAM KOLAM AIR KUMBAHAN %%c0.25m PAIP AIR

TP8B

TP 8

TP8C TP8A

( 22.956 ek )

TP2

TP 2

Sg. Larut

9.290 ha 5181

*LIHAT GAMBARJAH (2) GAMBARJAH (1) LIHAT*

IKLAN PAPAN Pk

S2

S2

TP3

TP 3

berhadapan dengan Sek. Rendah Phui Choi, Kemunting.

Di tepi Pagar Kem Rejimen ke Infentr i, SUR VEYED BY : ZAINI & IBRAHI M COMPUTER BY : YANI Dikir i Jalan Kemunting Lama, 60m dari lampu isyarat Kemunting.

OF BEN CH MARK : CHEC KED BY : JOE DRAW N BY : JUAN BM.A.1147 20.746m BENCH MARK LEVEL BOOK : 1 BEN CH MARK N O : TACHY BOOK NO : 2 LO CATION VALUE OF FI ELD BOOK N O : 1 Adv. DIP(LS), Di p(LS)(MIT ), MIS(M), MAA LS *Consultants Jalal Johari* HJ . JALAL BIN HJ. JOHARI NO. PELAN : JJC / 03 / 1256 / P1 Land Surv eyor L icen sed Un der A ct 45 8 (Revi sed 1991 )

4423

4428

SAWIT

E P

EP EP E P

TANDAS PENGAWAL PONDOK GARAJ

TP11C TP11A

TP11B

PAIP AIR %%c0.25m

701

Fig. 9. Distribution of Copper (Cu) at the study area

4429

U 129100

TA MA N T AS E K B ARU, 31 400 IP OH NO . 601 , J AL AN S UL TA N AZ LAN SHA H U T ARA , TE L : 0 5-54 76 67 6 & 05 - 54 970 31 FA X: 05 -547 66 76 E- mai l: j cipo h@ yah oo.co m NO. 91 27 C L ORON G PE RA K, TEL : 03-4 106 03 92 & 410 54 969 FAX : 0 3-41 055 15 4 E- ma il: j jc @tm .ne t.my TAMA N MEL AW AT I, 53 10 0 KU ALA LUMPU R

DILUKIS OLEH : JUANDI HJ JOHARI

JURUKUR TANAH BERLESEN

129000

129100

129200

129300

129400

129500

129600

129700

4429

TAMAN TASEK BARU, 31400 IPOH NO. 601, JALAN SULTAN AZLAN SHAH UTARA, TEL : 05-5476676 & 05-5497031 FAX: 05-5476676 E-mail: jjcipoh@yahoo.com NO. 9127C LORONG PERAK, TEL : 03-41060392 & 41054969 FAX: 03-41055154 E-mail: jjc@tm.net.my TAMAN MELAWATI, 53100 KUALA LUMPUR

DILUKIS OLEH : JUANDI HJ JOHARI

JURUKUR TANAH BERLESEN

129000

129100

129200

129300

129400

129500

129600

129700

on the Distribution of Contamination Flow Path at a Waste Disposal Site in Malaysia 65

TIMBUNAN

SAMPAH

TP TP TP EP

TP9C

TP9B TP9A

TP 9

PINDAAN

KAWASAN LAPANG

PAYA

TBM JJC1 (A.L = 0.922m ) DIATAS PAIP BERKONKRIT

> EP EP EP

2329

RUMAH USANG USANG

SAWIT

Rujukan

TP TP TP

TP6B

TP 6

TP7B TP7A CP6

TP7B

TP 7

 Pg CP7

S1

TP7A

TP5B

TP 5

TP6ATP5A TP5C TP5D

TP6A TP6B CP8

PAYA

K1

TP5A TP5B TP5C TP5D Pg

TP4A

TP4B

TP 4

TP1

TP 1

BELUKAR KAWASAN LAPANG

TBM JJC2 (A.L = 2.631m ) DIATAS PAIP BERKONKRIT

BELUKAR

5113 5112 5111 5110 5109 5108 5107 4430


RUMAH USANG USANG

SAWIT

R ujukan

TP T P T P

TP6B

TP 6

TP7A TP 7B CP 6

TP6A

TP5B

TP6 AB CP 8 T P5 A B C

TP5A TP5C TP5D

TP 5

PAYA

K1

DP g

TP4A

TP4B

TP 4

TP1

TP 1

BELUKAR KAWASAN LAPANG

TBM JJC2 (A.L = 2.631m ) DI ATAS PAIP BERKON KRI T

BELUKAR

5113 5112 5111 5110 5109 5108 5107 4430


TANDAS

RUMAH

TP7B

TP 7

 Pg CP7

S1

S1

TP7A

TIMBUNAN

SAMPAH

TP T P T P E P

TP9C

TP9B TP9A

TP 9

PI N DA AN

KAWASAN LAPANG

PAYA

TBM JJC1 (A.L = 0.922m ) DIATAS PAIP BERKONKRIT

> E P E P EP

2329

KEBUN

PYLON

P g

K2

KONKRIT JAMBATAN

LEGEND

PONDOK

4433

D ILUK IS : DIS EMA K : D ILULU SK AN : D IRE KA BE N TU K :

U 129102.395 T -14866. 823

> <sup>20</sup> <sup>30</sup> <sup>40</sup> <sup>50</sup> 60 70 Mendatar 1 : 1000 <sup>0</sup> <sup>10</sup>

1655 1266

T P

EP E P EP

MH<sup>H</sup><sup>1308</sup> <sup>1037</sup> <sup>1307</sup>

LOMBONG

( 24.391 ek )

9.871 ha

LOMBONG

Existing Pond

K2K1

TANDAS

KEBUN

LOMBONG

PYLON

Pg

K2

KONKRIT JAMBATAN

PONDOK

4433

S1-15126.856 129497.390

DILUKIS : DISEMAK : DILULUSKAN : DIREKABENTUK :

U 129102.395 T -14866.823

> <sup>20</sup> <sup>30</sup> <sup>40</sup> <sup>50</sup> 60 70 Mendatar 1 : 1000 <sup>0</sup> <sup>10</sup>

1655 1266

TP

( 24.391 ek )

9.871 ha

LOMBONG

Existing Pond

K2K1

EP EP EP

RSK RUMAH SEPARUH KONKRIT

LURANG PILI BOMBA MH <sup>H</sup> TIANG TALIPON TIANG ELEKTRIK TIANG LAMPU PETUNJUK : EP TP LP PINTU PAGAR PAGAR

TP BOREHOLE

P g Pancang Kayu Keras

BOREHOLE ARAS TP1 - CP502 1.819m TP2 - CP503 3.332m TP3 - CP2 2.719m TP12 - CP4 1.698m TP4A - STN2 2.192m TP5A - CP8 0.039m TP6A - CP6 3.155m TP7A - CP7 3.054m TP8A - CP1 3.894m TP9A - CP5 2.783m TP10A - CP3 1.512m TP11A - CP9 3.120m

TARIKH : TAJUK :

BIL. LUKISAN : MUKIM JEBONG, DAERAH LARUT KERJA - KERJA UKUR TOPOGRAFI DAN BUTIRAN BAGI PROJEK TAPAK PELUPUSAN SAMPAH DI ATAS LOT 5181 PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN.

> *Sg.Larut* BERKENAAN TAPAK

*Kg. S g Mat i K g. Batu Lam a Tam an Kunings ari PENGKALAN AOR*

<sup>2329</sup> <sup>1915</sup> <sup>1922</sup> <sup>1921</sup> <sup>4419</sup> <sup>5181</sup> <sup>4427</sup> <sup>4428</sup> <sup>4422</sup> <sup>4423</sup> <sup>1914</sup> <sup>4418</sup> <sup>4417</sup> <sup>4420</sup> <sup>321</sup> <sup>322</sup>

<sup>1655</sup> <sup>5109</sup> <sup>5115</sup> <sup>5111</sup> <sup>5107</sup> <sup>4430</sup> <sup>701</sup> <sup>164</sup> <sup>894</sup> <sup>895</sup> <sup>4429</sup> <sup>631</sup> <sup>244</sup> <sup>5191</sup> <sup>713</sup> <sup>344</sup> <sup>375</sup> <sup>376</sup> <sup>337</sup>

<sup>2206</sup>

U 129300

U 129100

<sup>1916</sup>

<sup>U</sup> PELAN TAPAK SKALA : 8 RANTAI SEINCI NO. SYIT PIAWAI : 504

*LARUT MATANG K umbang K g.A sam*Tam an Per mata

*Kg. R imba P iatu Mat ang Bes ar K g.*

K g. Tel uk K er tang

5010

U 129500

Borehole

423

TBM JJ C3 (A.L = 2.609m ) DIATAS PAIP BERKONKR IT

*Kg. B atu D ua K g.B atu Tegoh Kg. J ebong Kanan K g. J ebong K iri K g. Tebok JEBONG*

<sup>U</sup> PELAN LOKASI SKALA : SATU BATU SEINCI NO. TOPO SYIT : 3363 & 3463

U 129700

RSK R UM A H S EP A RU H K ON K RIT

L UR A NG P IL I B OM B A MH <sup>H</sup> T IA NG T A L IP ON T IAN G E LE K TR IK T IA NG L A M P U PETUN JUK : EP TP LP P INTU P A G A R P AG A R

T P B OR E HO L E

P g P an c a n g K ay u K e ra s

BOREHOLE ARAS TP1 - CP502 1.819m TP2 - CP503 3.332m TP3 - CP2 2.719m TP12 - CP4 1.698m TP4A - STN2 2.192m TP5A - CP8 0.039m TP6A - CP6 3.155m TP7A - CP7 3.054m TP8A - CP1 3.894m TP9A - CP5 2.783m TP10A - CP3 1.512m TP11A - CP9 3.120m

T ARIK H : TAJU K :

BIL. LU K IS AN : MUKIM JEBONG , DAERAH LARU T KERJA - KER JA UKUR TO PO GRAFI D AN BUTIRAN BAGI PRO JEK TAPAK PELUPUSAN SAMPAH DI ATAS LOT 5181 PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN.

0 100m

 -15166.27 129356.157 -15309.549 129450.993 -15401.718 129222.804 -15406.431 129492.185 -15129.284 129205.565 -14992.918 129268.636 -14984.575 129125.701 -15005.457 129416.541 -14989.968 129591.985 -14994.057 129715.967 -15299.383 129303.897 BOREHOLE BARAT UTARA -14783.002 129380.078 -14962.229 129525.073 -15367.707 129216.127 -15002.064 129097.965 Pg-K2 2.387m Pg-K1 1.835m Pg-S1 1.301m Pk-S2 1.373m

0 100m

*Sg.Larut* BERKENAAN TAPAK

*Kg. Sg Mati Kg. Batu Lama Taman Kuningsari PENGKALAN AOR*

<sup>2329</sup> <sup>1915</sup> <sup>1922</sup> <sup>1921</sup> <sup>4419</sup> <sup>5181</sup> <sup>4427</sup> <sup>4428</sup> <sup>4422</sup> <sup>4423</sup> <sup>1914</sup> <sup>4418</sup> <sup>4417</sup> <sup>4420</sup> <sup>321</sup> <sup>322</sup>

<sup>1655</sup> <sup>5109</sup> <sup>5115</sup> <sup>5111</sup> <sup>5107</sup> <sup>4430</sup> <sup>701</sup> <sup>164</sup> <sup>894</sup> <sup>895</sup> <sup>4429</sup> <sup>631</sup> <sup>244</sup> <sup>5191</sup> <sup>713</sup> <sup>344</sup> <sup>375</sup> <sup>376</sup> <sup>337</sup>

<sup>2206</sup>

<sup>1916</sup>

*LARUT MATANG Kumbang Kg.Asam* Taman Permata

*Taman Lake View Boyan Jaya Taman Sri Taman Sri Larut Taman Bersatu Au Long Lama*

> > U 129300

U 129100

*Taman Lak e V iew Boy an J aya Taman Sr i Taman Sr i Lar ut T am an B ers atu A u Long Lama*

*Kg. Rimba Piatu Matang Besar Kg.*

Kg. Teluk Kertang

<sup>U</sup> PELAN TAPAK SKALA : 8 RANTAI SEINCI NO. SYIT PIAWAI : 504

5010

U 129500

Borehole **LEGEND**

423

TBM JJC3 (A.L = 2.609m ) DIATAS PAIP BERKONKRIT

*Kg. Batu Dua Kg.Batu Tegoh Kg. Jebong Kanan Kg. Jebong Kiri Kg. Tebok JEBONG*

<sup>U</sup> PELAN LOKASI SKALA : SATU BATU SEINCI NO. TOPO SYIT : 3363 & 3463

U 129700

Fig. 7. Localize direction of groundwater movement within the study area

#### **4.3 Flow path of pollutant species in groundwater**

The average concentration of the pollutant species such as heavy metals in the groundwater system from several boreholes within the study area was obtained. A number of inorganic constituents detected in the examined samples indicated a small but significant presence of toxic materials. These data play an important role in the determination and visualization of the locations which are affected by the leachate plume. Hence, these results can help the local authorities to take action for remediation.

In this study, groundwater samples were analysed their heavy metals such as Pb, Cu, Fe and Cd. The concentration of pollutant species was plotted using the surfer software. **Figure 8-11** illustrate the flow path of pollutant species (i.e., Pb, Cu, Fe and Cd) in groundwater at the study area respectively. Based on the contouring diagram, the pollutants species seem to be accumulated within borehole TP6 that is located at the southeast of the waste disposal site. In other words, the pollutant species have a tendency to migrate and disperse toward the southeast of the waste disposal site, where the concentrations of pollutants species at this boreholes (TP6) is relatively high compared with other boreholes.

RUMAH USANG USANG

SAWIT

Rujukan

TP TP T P

TP6B

 CP6 

TP 6

TP6A

TP5B

TP5A TP5C

TP 5

PAYA

K1

CP8 TP5A TP5BTP5CTP5D Pg

TP4A

TP4B

TP 4

TP1

BELUKAR KAWASAN LAPANG

TBM JJC2 (A.L = 2.631m ) DIATAS PAIP BERKONKRIT

BELUKAR

5113 5112 5111 5110 5109 5108 5107 4430


The average concentration of the pollutant species such as heavy metals in the groundwater system from several boreholes within the study area was obtained. A number of inorganic constituents detected in the examined samples indicated a small but significant presence of toxic materials. These data play an important role in the determination and visualization of the locations which are affected by the leachate plume. Hence, these results can help the

In this study, groundwater samples were analysed their heavy metals such as Pb, Cu, Fe and Cd. The concentration of pollutant species was plotted using the surfer software. **Figure 8-11** illustrate the flow path of pollutant species (i.e., Pb, Cu, Fe and Cd) in groundwater at the study area respectively. Based on the contouring diagram, the pollutants species seem to be accumulated within borehole TP6 that is located at the southeast of the waste disposal site. In other words, the pollutant species have a tendency to migrate and disperse toward the southeast of the waste disposal site, where the concentrations of pollutants species at this boreholes (TP6) is relatively high compared with other boreholes.

TANDAS

RUMAH

TP7B

TP 7

 Pg CP7 TP7B TP7A

S1

S1

TP7A

TIMBUNAN

SAMPAH

TP5DTP9B

TP TP TP EP

TP9C

TP 9

TP9A

PINDAAN

Fig. 7. Localize direction of groundwater movement within the study area

KAWASAN LAPANG

PAYA

TBM JJC1 (A.L = 0.922m ) DIATAS PAIP BERKONKRIT

> EP EP EP

2329

T -15330.521 U 129363.606

1921

TP12

TP 12

4419

DAERAH LARUT DAN MATANG MUKIM JEBONG

4418

U 129500

U 129700

U 129300

4422

1922

129700 TP 1

SAWIT

TP10A

TP10B TP10C

TP 10

LP LP LP LP LP TP TP TP T P

PAYA

Tarikh Butiran

PAM

RUMAH PONDOK SETOR BENGKEL

KOLAM KOLAM AIR KUMBAHAN %%c0.25m PAIP AIR

TP8B

TP 8

TP8C TP8A

( 22.956 ek )

TP2

TP 2

9.290 ha 5181

*LIHAT GAMBARJAH (2) GAMBARJAH (1) LIHAT*

IKLAN PAPAN Pk

S2

S2

TP3

TP 3

berhadapan dengan Sek. Rendah Phui Choi, Kemunting.

Di tepi Pagar Kem Rejimen ke Infentri, SURVEYED BY : ZAINI & IBRAHIM COMPUTER BY : YANI Dikiri Jalan Kemunting Lama, 60m dari lampu isyarat Kemunting.

OF BENCH MARK : CHECKED BY : JOE DRAWN BY : JUAN BM.A.1147 BENCH MARK 20.746m LEVEL BOOK : 1 BENCH MARK NO : TACHY BOOK NO : 2 LOCATION VALUE OF FIELD BOOK NO : 1 Adv. DIP(LS), Dip(LS)(MIT), MIS(M ), MAALS *Consultants Jalal Johari* HJ. JALAL BIN HJ. JOHARI NO. PELAN : JJC / 03 / 1256 / P1 Land Surveyor Licensed Under Act 458 (Revised 1991)

4423

4428

SAWIT

EP

EP EP EP MH <sup>H</sup>

TANDAS PENGAWAL PONDOKGARAJ

TP 11

TP11C TP11A

TP11B

PAIP AIR %%c0.25m

701

**4.3 Flow path of pollutant species in groundwater** 

local authorities to take action for remediation.

4429

U 129100

TAMAN TASEK BARU, 31400 IPOH NO. 601, JALAN SULTAN AZLAN SHAH UTARA, TEL : 05-5476676 & 05-5497031 FAX: 05-5476676 E-mail: jjcipoh@yahoo.com NO. 9127C LORONG PERAK, TEL : 03-41060392 & 41054969 FAX: 03-41055154 E-mail: jjc@tm.net.my TAMAN MELAWATI, 53100 KUALA LUMPUR

DILUKIS OLEH : JUANDI HJ JOHARI

JURUKUR TANAH BERLESEN

129000

129100

129200

129300

129400

129500

129600

KEBUN

LOMBONG

PYLON

Pg

K2

KONKRIT JAMBATAN

**LEGEND**

PONDOK

4433

DILUKIS : DISEMAK : DILULUSKAN : DIREKABENTUK :

U 129102.395 T -14866.823

> <sup>20</sup> <sup>30</sup> <sup>40</sup> <sup>50</sup> 60 70 Mendatar 1 : 1000 <sup>0</sup> <sup>10</sup>

1655 1266

T P

( 24.391 ek )

9.871 ha

LOMBONG

Existing Pond

K2K1

EP EP EP

RSK RUMAH SEPARUH KONKRIT

LURANG PILI BOMBA MH <sup>H</sup> TIANG TALIPON TIANG ELEKTRIK TIANG LAMPU PETUNJUK : EP TP LP PINTU PAGAR PAGAR

Groundwater direction (CBS)

TP BOREHOLE

Pg Pancang Kayu Keras

BOREHOLE ARAS TP1 - CP502 1.819m TP2 - CP503 3.332m TP3 - CP2 2.719m TP12 - CP4 1.698m TP4A - STN2 2.192m TP5A - CP8 0.039m TP6A - CP6 3.155m TP7A - CP7 3.054m TP8A - CP1 3.894m TP9A - CP5 2.783m TP10A - CP3 1.512m TP11A - CP9 3.120m

TARIKH : TAJUK :

BIL. LUKISAN : MUKIM JEBONG, DAERAH LARUT KERJA - KERJA UKUR TOPOGRAFI DAN BUTIRAN BAGI PROJEK TAPAK PELUPUSAN SAMPAH DI ATAS LOT 5181 PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN.


**SCALE 1:1000**

*Sg.Larut* BERKENAAN TAPAK

*Kg. Sg Mati Kg. Batu Lama Taman Kuningsari PENGKALAN AOR*

<sup>2329</sup> <sup>1915</sup> <sup>1922</sup> <sup>1921</sup> <sup>4419</sup> <sup>5181</sup> <sup>4427</sup> <sup>4428</sup> <sup>4422</sup> <sup>4423</sup> <sup>1914</sup> <sup>4418</sup> <sup>4417</sup> <sup>4420</sup> <sup>321</sup> <sup>322</sup>

<sup>1655</sup> <sup>5109</sup> <sup>5115</sup> <sup>5111</sup> <sup>5107</sup> <sup>4430</sup> <sup>701</sup> <sup>164</sup> <sup>894</sup> <sup>895</sup> <sup>4429</sup> <sup>631</sup> <sup>244</sup> <sup>5191</sup> <sup>713</sup> <sup>344</sup> <sup>375</sup> <sup>376</sup> <sup>337</sup>

<sup>2206</sup>

<sup>1916</sup>

*LARUT MATANG Kumbang Kg.Asam* Taman Permata

*Taman Lake View Boyan Jaya Taman Sri Taman Sri Larut Taman Bersatu Au Long Lama*

> > U 129300

U 129100

*Kg. Rimba Piatu Matang Besar Kg.*

<sup>U</sup> PELAN TAPAK SKALA : 8 RANTAI SEINCI NO. SYIT PIAWAI : 504

Kg. Teluk Kertang

5010

Borehole

Groundwater divide Contour of Groundwater

U 129500

423

TBM JJC3 (A.L = 2.609m ) DIATAS PAIP BERKONKRIT

*Kg. Batu Dua Kg.Batu Tegoh Kg. Jebong Kanan Kg. Jebong Kiri Kg. Tebok JEBONG*

<sup>U</sup> PELAN LOKASI SKALA : SATU BATU SEINCI NO. TOPO SYIT : 3363 & 3463

U 129700

Fig. 8. Distribution of lead (Pb) at the study area

Fig. 9. Distribution of Copper (Cu) at the study area

Integrated Study

**5. Conclusion** 

study area.

disposal system.

consideration.

**6. Acknowledgment** 

towards southeast of the study area.

on the Distribution of Contamination Flow Path at a Waste Disposal Site in Malaysia 67

However, the distributions of contaminants were localized and confined within the dumping area and not diffuse over a large area. In addition, as previously mentioned that the groundwater flow direction measured by the colloidal borescope was dominantly

Leachate contamination at the Taiping waste disposal can be visually detected through ERI technique. In general, the contours of resistivity results show the existence of inhomogeneous strata in the area. It is quite clear that low resistivity anomalies exist at certain location in this study area is due to leachate plume movement. The result of the study confirms that the occurrence of groundwater contamination can be detected up to 30 m in-depth. The ERI technique had successfully delineated pollution layers. Thus, this method is an effective tool in detecting contaminated groundwater zones or layers in the

With support from the colloidal borescope data, the movement direction of leachate plume can be determined. Generally, the flow pattern of the pollutant species dominantly towards to the southeast of the study area that is follow the flow direction of groundwater with flow velocity ranges between 1.09-3.86 x 10-4 m/sec and it seems there is a possibility that the

Based on the geochemical analysis, higher anomaly pollutant species were detected at TP6 which is located at the southeast of the study area, indicates that the contaminant dominantly migrated through this borehole. However, the migration of leachate plume in the study area is still localized and not disperses in a wide area. This correlates well with

Through this finding, it can assisst the Ministry of Housing and Local Government to formulate strategic and actions planning for improving the management and protection of

i. Providing certain budget to Local Authorities to take some immediate action to improve the existing waste disposal site among others for instances improving the leachate treatment facility and upgrading the infrastructure inside the Waste disposal site. The improvement of the waste disposal at least up to level III of sanitary waste

ii. Introducing solid waste management system that associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and finally disposing of solid wastes in a manner that is accordance with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics and environmental

First of all the authors acknowledge the Malaysian Government especially Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation and Malaysian Nuclear Agency for their financial

low resistivity zone (<10 ohm-m) from the ERI images as shown in Figure 6.

water resources for long-term growth and sustainability. This can be done by;

contaminant plume move slowly towards the Larut River.

Fig. 10. Distribution of Iron (Fe) at the study area

Fig. 11. Distribution of cadmium (Cd) at the study area

However, the distributions of contaminants were localized and confined within the dumping area and not diffuse over a large area. In addition, as previously mentioned that the groundwater flow direction measured by the colloidal borescope was dominantly towards southeast of the study area.

### **5. Conclusion**

66 Municipal and Industrial Waste Disposal

T -15330.521 U 129363.606

1921

TP12

4419

DAERAH LARUT DAN MATANG MUKIM JEBONG

4418

U 129500

U 129700

4422

U 129300

1922

SAWIT

TP10A

TP10B

TP 10 TP 11TP 12

LP LP LP LP LP TP TP T P TP

PAYA

RUMAHU 129100

Tarikh Butiran

PAM

RUMAH PONDOK SETOR BENGKEL

KOLAM KOLAM AIR KUMBAHAN %%c0.25m PAIP AIR

TP8B

TP 8

TP8C TP8A

( 22.956 ek )

TP2

TP 2

Sg. Larut

9.290 ha 5181

*LIHAT GAMBARJAH (2) GAMBARJAH (1) LIHAT*

IKLAN PAPAN Pk

S2

TP3

TP 3

TP10CDILUKIS OLEH : JUANDI HJ JOHARI

berhadapan dengan Sek. Rendah Phui Choi, Kemunting.

Di tepi Pagar Kem Rejimen ke Infentri, SURVEYED BY : ZAINI & IBRAHIM COMPUTER BY : YANI Dikiri Jalan Kemunting Lama, 60m dari lampu isyarat Kemunting.

OF BENCH MARK : CHECKED BY : JOE DRAWN BY : JUAN BM.A.1147 20.746m BENCH MARK LEVEL BOOK : 1 BENCH MARK NO : TACHY BOOK NO : 2 LOCATION VALUE OF FIELD BOOK NO : 1 Adv. DIP(LS), Dip(LS)(MIT), MIS(M), M AALS *Consultants Jalal Johari* HJ. JALAL BIN HJ. JOHARINO. PELAN : JJC / 03 / 1256 / P1 Land Surveyor Licensed Under Act 458 (Revi sed 1991)

4423

4428

SAWIT

EP

EP EP EP MH <sup>H</sup>

TANDAS PENGAWAL PONDOK GARAJ

TP11C TP11A

TP11B

PAIP AIR %%c0.25m

701

Fig. 10. Distribution of Iron (Fe) at the study area

T -15330.521 U 129363.606

1921

TP12

4419

DAERAH LARUT DAN MATANG MUKIM JEBONG

4418

U 129500

U 129700

4422

U 129300

1922

SAWIT

TP10A

TP10B TP10C

TP 10 TP 11TP 12

LP LP LP LP LP TP TP T P TP

PAYA

RUMAHU 129100

Tarikh Butiran

PAM

RUMAHPONDOK SETOR BENGKEL

KOLAM KOLAM AIR KUMBAHAN %%c0.25m PAIP AIR

TP8B

TP 8

TP8C TP8A

( 22.956 ek )

TP2

TP 2

Sg. Larut

9.290 ha 5181

*LIHAT GAMBARJAH (2) GAMBARJAH (1) LIHAT*

IKLAN PAPAN Pk

S2

TP3

TP 3

berhadapan dengan Sek. Rendah Phui Choi, Kemunting.

OF BENCH MARK : CHECKED BY : JOE DRAWN BY : JUAN BM.A.1147 20.746m BENCH MARK LEVEL BOOK : 1 BENCH MARK NO : TACHY BOOK NO : 2 LOCATION VALUE OF FIELD BOOK NO : 1 Adv. DIP(LS), Dip(LS)(MIT), MIS(M), M AALS *Consultants Jalal Johari* HJ. JALAL BIN HJ. JOHARI NO. PELAN : JJC / 03 / 1256 / P1 Land Surveyor Licensed Under Act 458 (Revi sed 1991)Di tepi Pagar Kem Rejimen ke Infentri, SURVEYED BY : ZAINI & IBRAHIM COMPUTER BY : YANI Dikiri Jalan Kemunting Lama, 60m dari lampu isyarat Kemunting.

4423

4428

SAWIT

EP

EP EP EP MH <sup>H</sup>

TANDAS PENGAWAL PONDOK GARAJ

TP11C TP11A

TP11B

PAIP AIR %%c0.25m

701

Fig. 11. Distribution of cadmium (Cd) at the study area

4429

TAMAN TASEK BARU, 31400 IPOH NO. 601, JALAN SU LTAN AZLAN SHAH UTARA, TEL : 05-5476676 & 05-5497031FAX: 05-5476676 E-mail: jjcipoh@yahoo.com NO. 9127C LORONG PERAK, TEL : 03-41060392 & 41054969 FAX: 03-41055154 E-mail: jjc@tm.net.my TAMAN MELAWATI, 53100 KUALA LUMPU R

DILUKIS OLEH : JUANDI HJ JOHARI

JURUKUR TANAH BERLESEN

129000

129100

129200

129300

129400

129500

129600

129700

4429

TAMAN TASEK BARU, 31400 IPOH NO. 601, JALAN SU LTAN AZLAN SHAH UTARA, TEL : 05-5476676 & 05-5497031 FAX: 05-5476676 E-mail: jjcipoh@yahoo.com NO. 9127C LORONG PERAK, TEL : 03-41060392 & 41054969 FAX: 03-41055154 E-mail: jjc@tm.net.my TAMAN MELAWATI, 53100 KUALA LUMPU R

JURUKUR TANAH BERLESEN

129000

129100

129200

129300

129400

129500

129600

129700

RUMAH USANG USANG

SAWIT

S2S1-15126.856 129497.390

Rujukan

TP TP TP

TP6B

 CP6 

TP 6

TP7B

TP 7

 Pg CP7 TP7B TP7A

S1

TP7A

TP5B

TP 5

TP6B CP8TP5A TP5BTP5C TP5D Pg

TP6ATP5A TP5C

PAYA

K1

K1

TP4A

TP4B

TP 4

TP1

TP 1

BELUKAR KAWASAN LAPANG

TBM JJC2 (A.L = 2.631m ) DIATAS PAIP BERKONKRIT

BELUKAR

5113 5112 5111 5110 5109 5108 5107 4430


RUMAH USANG USANG

SAWIT

Rujukan

TP TP TP

TP6B

 CP6 

TP 6

TP6A

TP7B

TP 7

 Pg CP7 TP7B TP7A

S1

TP7A

TP5B

CP8TP5A TP5B TP5CTP5D Pg

TP5ATP5C TP5D

TP 5

PAYA

K1

TP4A

TP4B

TP 4

TP1

TP 1

BELUKAR KAWASAN LAPANG

TBM JJC2 (A.L = 2.631m ) DIATAS PAIP BERKONKRIT

K1S2S1-15126.856 129497.390

BELUKAR

5113 5112 5111 5110 5109 5108 5107 4430


TANDAS

TIMBUNAN

SAMPAH

TP TP TP EP

TP9C

TP9B TP9A

TP 9

PINDAAN

KAWASAN LAPANG

PAYA

TBM JJC1 (A.L = 0.922m ) DIATAS PAIP BERKONKRIT

> EP EP EP

2329

KEBUN

LOMBONG

PYLON

Pg

K2

K2

KONKRIT JAMBATAN

PONDOK

4433

DILUKIS : DISEMAK : DILULUSKAN : DIREKABENTUK :

U 129102.395 T -14866.823

> <sup>20</sup> <sup>30</sup> <sup>40</sup> <sup>50</sup> 60 70 Mendatar 1 : 1000 <sup>0</sup> <sup>10</sup>

1655 1266

T P

( 24.391 ek )

9.871 ha

LOMBONG

Existing Pond

EP EP EP

TANDAS

TIMBUNAN

SAMPAH

TP5DTP9B

TP TP TP EP

TP9C

TP 9

TP9A

PINDAAN

KAWASAN LAPANG

PAYA

TBM JJC1 (A.L = 0.922m ) DIATAS PAIP BERKONKRIT

> EP EP EP

2329

KEBUN

LOMBONG

PYLON

Pg

K2

K2

KONKRIT JAMBATAN

LEGEND

PONDOK

4433

DILUKIS : DISEMAK : DILULUSKAN : DIREKABENTUK :

U 129102.395 T -14866.823

> <sup>20</sup> <sup>30</sup> <sup>40</sup> <sup>50</sup> 60 70 Mendatar 1 : 1000 <sup>0</sup> <sup>10</sup>

1655 1266

T P

( 24.391 ek )

9.871 ha

LOMBONG

Existing Pond

EP EP EP

R SK RUMAH SEPARUH KONKRIT

LURANG PILI BOMBA MH <sup>H</sup> TIANG TALIPON TIANG ELEKTRIK TIANG LAMPU PETUNJUK : EP TP LP PINTU PAGAR PAGAR

TP BOREHOLE

P g Pancang Kayu Keras

BOREHOLE ARAS TP1 - CP502 1.819m TP2 - CP503 3.332m TP3 - CP2 2.719m TP12 - CP4 1.698m TP4A - STN2 2.192m TP5A - CP8 0.039m TP6A - CP6 3.155m TP7A - CP7 3.054m TP8A - CP1 3.894m TP9A - CP5 2.783m TP10A - CP3 1.512m TP11A - CP9 3.120m

TARIKH : TAJUK :

BIL. LUKISAN : MUKIM JEBONG, DAERAH LARUT KERJA - KERJA UKUR TOPOGRAFI DAN BUTIRAN BAGI PROJEK TAPAK PELUPUSAN SAMPAH DI ATAS LOT 5181 PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN.

> *Sg.Larut* BERKENAAN TAPAK

*Kg. Sg Mati Kg. Batu Lama Taman Kuningsari PENGKALAN AOR*

<sup>2329</sup> <sup>1915</sup> <sup>1922</sup> <sup>1921</sup> <sup>4419</sup> <sup>5181</sup> <sup>4427</sup> <sup>4428</sup> <sup>4422</sup> <sup>4423</sup> <sup>1914</sup> <sup>4418</sup> <sup>4417</sup> <sup>4420</sup> <sup>321</sup> <sup>322</sup>

<sup>1655</sup> <sup>5109</sup> <sup>5115</sup> <sup>5111</sup> <sup>5107</sup> <sup>4430</sup> <sup>701</sup> <sup>164</sup> <sup>894</sup> <sup>895</sup> <sup>4429</sup> <sup>631</sup> <sup>244</sup> <sup>5191</sup> <sup>713</sup> <sup>344</sup> <sup>375</sup> <sup>376</sup> <sup>337</sup>

<sup>2206</sup>

<sup>1916</sup>

*LARUT MATANG Kumbang Kg.Asam* Taman Permata

*Kg. Rimba Piatu Matang Besar Kg.*

<sup>U</sup> PELAN TAPAK SKALA : 8 RANTAI SEINCI NO. SYIT PIAWAI : 504

Kg. Teluk Kertang

5010

**LEGEND**

U 129500

Borehole

423

TBM JJC3 (A.L = 2.609m ) DIATAS PAIP BERKONKRIT

*Kg. Batu Dua Kg.Batu Tegoh Kg. Jebong Kanan Kg. Jebong Kiri Kg. Tebok JEBONG*

<sup>U</sup> PELAN LOKASI SKALA : SATU BATU SEINCI NO. TOPO SYIT : 3363 & 3463

U 129700

RSK RUMAH SEPARUH KONKRIT

LURANG PILI BOMBA MH <sup>H</sup> TIANG TALIPON TIANG ELEKTRIK TIANG LAMPU PETUNJUK : EP TP LP PINTU PAGAR PAGAR

TP BOREHOLE

P g Pancang Kayu Keras

BOREHOLE ARAS TP1 - CP502 1.819m TP2 - CP503 3.332m TP3 - CP2 2.719m TP12 - CP4 1.698m TP4A - STN2 2.192m TP5A - CP8 0.039m TP6A - CP6 3.155m TP7A - CP7 3.054m TP8A - CP1 3.894m TP9A - CP5 2.783m TP10A - CP3 1.512m TP11A - CP9 3.120m

TARIKH : TAJUK :

> BIL. LUKISAN : MUKIM JEBONG, DAERAH LARUT KERJA - KERJA UKUR TOPOGRAFI DAN BUTIRAN BAGI PROJEK TAPAK PELUPUSAN SAMPAH DI ATAS LOT 5181 PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN.

 -15166.27 129356.157 -15309.549 129450.993 -15401.718 129222.804 -15406.431 129492.185 -15129.284 129205.565 -14992.918 129268.636 -14984.575 129125.701 -15005.457 129416.541 -14989.968 129591.985 -14994.057 129715.967 -15299.383 129303.897 BOREHOLE BARAT UTARA -14783.002 129380.078 -14962.229 129525.073 -15367.707 129216.127 -15002.064 129097.965 Pg-K2 2.387m Pg-K1 1.835m Pg-S1 1.301m Pk-S2 1.373m

0 100m

 -15166.27 129356.157 -15309.549 129450.993 -15401.718 129222.804 -15406.431 129492.185 -15129.284 129205.565 -14992.918 129268.636 -14984.575 129125.701 -15005.457 129416.541 -14989.968 129591.985 -14994.057 129715.967 -15299.383 129303.897 BOREHOLE BARAT UTARA -14783.002 129380.078 -14962.229 129525.073 -15367.707 129216.127 -15002.064 129097.965 Pg-K2 2.387m Pg-K1 1.835m Pg-S1 1.301m Pk-S2 1.373m

0 100m

*Sg.Larut* BERKENAAN TAPAK

*Kg. Sg Mati Kg. Batu Lama Taman Kuningsari PENGKALAN AOR*

<sup>2329</sup> <sup>1915</sup> <sup>1922</sup> <sup>1921</sup> <sup>4419</sup> <sup>5181</sup> <sup>4427</sup> <sup>4428</sup> <sup>4422</sup> <sup>4423</sup> <sup>1914</sup> <sup>4418</sup> <sup>4417</sup> <sup>4420</sup> <sup>321</sup> <sup>322</sup>

<sup>1655</sup> <sup>5109</sup> <sup>5115</sup> <sup>5111</sup> <sup>5107</sup> <sup>4430</sup> <sup>701</sup> <sup>164</sup> <sup>894</sup> <sup>895</sup> <sup>4429</sup> <sup>631</sup> <sup>244</sup> <sup>5191</sup> <sup>713</sup> <sup>344</sup> <sup>375</sup> <sup>376</sup> <sup>337</sup>

<sup>2206</sup>

<sup>1916</sup>

*LARUT MATANG Kumbang Kg.Asam* Taman Permata

*Taman Lake View Boyan Jaya Taman Sri Taman Sri Larut Taman Bersatu Au Long Lama*

> > U 129300

U 129100

*Taman Lake View Boyan Jaya Taman Sri Taman Sri Larut Taman Bersatu Au Long Lama*

> > U 129300

U 129100

*Kg. Rimba Piatu Matang Besar Kg.*

<sup>U</sup> PELAN TAPAK SKALA : 8 RANTAI SEINCI NO. SYIT PIAWAI : 504

Kg. Teluk Kertang

5010

U 129500

Borehole

423

TBM JJC3 (A.L = 2.609m ) DIATAS PAIP BERKONKRIT

*Kg. Batu Dua Kg.Batu Tegoh Kg. Jebong Kanan Kg. Jebong Kiri Kg. Tebok JEBONG*

<sup>U</sup> PELAN LOKASI SKALA : SATU BATU SEINCI NO. TOPO SYIT : 3363 & 3463

U 129700

Leachate contamination at the Taiping waste disposal can be visually detected through ERI technique. In general, the contours of resistivity results show the existence of inhomogeneous strata in the area. It is quite clear that low resistivity anomalies exist at certain location in this study area is due to leachate plume movement. The result of the study confirms that the occurrence of groundwater contamination can be detected up to 30 m in-depth. The ERI technique had successfully delineated pollution layers. Thus, this method is an effective tool in detecting contaminated groundwater zones or layers in the study area.

With support from the colloidal borescope data, the movement direction of leachate plume can be determined. Generally, the flow pattern of the pollutant species dominantly towards to the southeast of the study area that is follow the flow direction of groundwater with flow velocity ranges between 1.09-3.86 x 10-4 m/sec and it seems there is a possibility that the contaminant plume move slowly towards the Larut River.

Based on the geochemical analysis, higher anomaly pollutant species were detected at TP6 which is located at the southeast of the study area, indicates that the contaminant dominantly migrated through this borehole. However, the migration of leachate plume in the study area is still localized and not disperses in a wide area. This correlates well with low resistivity zone (<10 ohm-m) from the ERI images as shown in Figure 6.

Through this finding, it can assisst the Ministry of Housing and Local Government to formulate strategic and actions planning for improving the management and protection of water resources for long-term growth and sustainability. This can be done by;


#### **6. Acknowledgment**

First of all the authors acknowledge the Malaysian Government especially Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation and Malaysian Nuclear Agency for their financial

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**Part 2** 

**Nuclear Waste Disposal** 

Yoshizawa, S., Tanaka,M. and Shekdar, A. (2004): Global Trends in Waste Generation, Global Symposium on Recycling, Waste Treatment and Clean Technology (REWAS 2004), Vol. 2, pp. 1541-1552.

**Part 2** 

**Nuclear Waste Disposal** 

70 Municipal and Industrial Waste Disposal

Yoshizawa, S., Tanaka,M. and Shekdar, A. (2004): Global Trends in Waste Generation,

2004), Vol. 2, pp. 1541-1552.

Global Symposium on Recycling, Waste Treatment and Clean Technology (REWAS

**4** 

*Japan* 

**Modelling of Chemical** 

*Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory,* 

*Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry* 

Daisuke Sugiyama

**Alteration of Cement Materials in** 

**Radioactive Waste Repository Environment** 

Cement is a potential waste packaging, backfilling and constructing material for the disposal of radioactive waste. The physical properties of cement materials such as low permeability and low diffusivity in their matrices reduce the migration of radionuclides from a cementitious repository. Also, under a high-pH condition provided by the leaching of the components of cement hydrates, the solubility is low and the sorption distribution ratio is high for many radionuclides, so that the release of radionuclides from radioactive waste is restricted. Therefore, cement materials are expected to enable both the physical and chemical containments of long-term radioactive waste in disposal systems (TRU

Under geological conditions, cement materials alter due to various reactions such as dissolution into groundwater and secondary mineral formation caused by chemical components in groundwater. The containment properties of cement materials are affected by these reactions. Also, the leached high-pH solution with alkaline components from the cement materials affects the physical and chemical properties of bentonite and the surrounding rocks. Therefore, for the long-term safety assessment of radioactive waste disposal, it is necessary to develop a methodology to estimate the long-term evolution of the cementitious repository system. The chemistry of the CaO-SiO2-H2O (C-S-H) system is a key parameter since it is suggested to be responsible for the high-pH condition in cements and is important in discussing the high-pH chemical condition in the long-term assessment of a repository environment (Atkinson et al., 1985; Atkinson, 1985). The author therefore has been developing a series of predictive calculation models based on a discussion of the incongruent dissolution/precipitation of the C-S-H system (Sugiyama & Fujita, 2006;

In this study, the alteration of cement materials in an underground repository environment is discussed. Cement materials come in contact with groundwater and some secondary minerals are expected to precipitate in the repository environment. The precipitation of calcite and its effects on the alteration of cement materials should be key issues in assessing the long-term performance of cement materials. There have been some experimental studies

**1. Introduction** 

Coordination Office, 2000).

Sugiyama et al., 2007; Sugiyama, 2008).
