**Municipal Waste Disposal at Different Environments**

160 Municipal and Industrial Waste Disposal

Valdes H., Farfán, V. J., Manoli, J. A. & Zaror C. A., (2009). Catalytic ozone aqueous

Valdés H., Murillo F. A., Manoli J.A. & Zahor C. A., (2008). Heterogeneous catalytic

pp. 915-922.

*Mater.* 153, pp. 1036-1042.

decomposition promoted by natural zeolite and volcanic sand. *J. Hazard Mater*. 165,

ozonation of benzothiazole aqueous solution promoted by volcanic sand. *J. Hazard* 

**8** 

*Spain* 

**Ballast Water and Sterilization of the Sea Water** 

Seventy one per cent of the earth's surface is covered by water; and ninety five point five per

Generally, when we talk about water pollution or wastes dumped on sea, we think about products with varying degrees of toxicity (hydrocarbon, pesticides, etc.), or about innocuous products which, when their physicochemical conditions change and they are brought in a particular ecosystem, can be damaging to it (e.g.: a mass of water to a greater o lesser degree of salinity and/or temperature than the ones in the environment). However, the pollution and the alteration of an ecosystem can also be produced by the introduction of new

Since human being started to sail, aquatic organisms have had the chance to travel in the hulls of vessel or in other surfaces: ropes, anchors, etc. (fouling). Therefore, those "unwanted travellers" have increased in last decades, with the recreational boat increase and with the transport of merchandise in great cargo ships, both in the hulls of vessel and into the ballast

If a vessel sails without cargo or partially loaded down, it will need ballast to keep its

Water is often used as ballast, but, when it is collected in origin, a series of organisms can travel into the water, normally members of the plankton community which could be stranger in the destination (allochthonous), and they might cause unwanted biogological pollution.

In order to avoid this possible pollution, we have to use a effective system to sterilize the

Although the main methods to avoid the problems caused by ballast water have historically been mechanical, physical and chemical ones, on July 2007 the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) granted basic and final approval to a water sterilization system which does not use chemical products, based on the Advanced Oxidation

It's necessary the commitment of all the countries, the shipping companies, the industry and the scientific community to continue studying, developing and experimenting with efficient

cent of the whole existing water is concentrated in oceans.

**1. Introduction** 

water.

stability and safety.

ballast water.

Technology (AOT).

methods to sterilize the ballast water.

allochthonous or foreign species.

María del Carmen Mingorance Rodríguez

*Universidad de La Laguna* 
