**Author details**

*Saccharomyces*

FPY [80].

**8. Conclusion**

rumen ecosystem (**Figure 9**).

**9. Recommendations**

*probiotics in the ruminant's nutrition.*

**Figure 9.**

digest the fibrous feed

maximum outputs

useful and useless probiotic.

The recommendations are outlined as follows;

• Pre-plane feed formulation for the manipulation of the rumen microbiota to

*Target based Probiotic Preparation strategy: This figure showed probiotic preparation of by using the local animal GIT tract as preparation of local yeast probiotic. Interlinked factors involved in the application of* 

• Identification of breed specific probiotic strains with same target.

• Whole genome sequencing of the probiotic strains as well as animal for

• Mode of action of the probiotic should studied well for understanding of the

(**Figures 7** and **8**).

lactating cows than other groups which leads to improve GIT microbial balance

It can be concluded IPY improves the, gut health, and wellbeing of lactating dairy cattle in cost effective manner. IPY strain may adopt well in the cattle gut than

Ruminants of developing and developed countries have different types of gut microbiota due to their living standard, feeding type, their managemental style. Although from above discussion we have a clear understanding that the interlink between gut microbiota and fiber digestion plays a key role for obtaining maximum profit from dairy animals. Therefore, the PY must be target specific which give maximum outcomes in cost effective manners. For animals of specific geographical region, a unique and precise YP must be designed by isolating the local yeast strains from that population, only then maximum beneficial outputs can be obtained. The reason beings, compactivity of the local strains with normal microbiota of the

**48**

Shakira Ghazanfar Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Genomics and Agriculture Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan

\*Address all correspondence to: shakira\_akmal@yahoo.com

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
