Meet the editor

Joseph John Bevelacqua, Ph.D., CHP, RRPT, is the President of Bevelacqua Resources, Richland, Washington, USA, a provider of physics-related consulting services. A theoretical nuclear physicist by training, Dr. Bevelacqua is a Certified Health Physicist, Registered Radiation Protection Technologist, and Certified Senior Reactor Operator and has over 45 years of professional experience. He was a key player in the Three Mile Island and

Hanford cleanup activities, and he is an active researcher with over 185 publications and 4 textbooks. His research areas include theoretical nuclear physics, theoretical particle physics, cosmic radiation, astrophysics, planetary studies, earth science, solar physics, cancer therapy using heavy ions and microspheres, gravitation, group theory, mathematical physics, and applied health physics. Additional effort has focused on muon and tau colliders and theoretical studies of a tetraquark, pentaquark, and hexaquark systems. Studies involving quark fusion have also been published. Recent research has involved space medicine, physiological and radiological effects of manned space missions, COVID-19 treatment using low-dose radiation therapy, neutron excess nuclei formation in stellar collisions, and superheavy nuclei. He received a California University's Professional Excellence Award for his accomplishments. Dr. Bevelacqua is a member of numerous professional organizations including the American Physical Society, American Nuclear Society, American Mathematical Association, Health Physics Society, and Royal Astronomical Society of Canada.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

**Section 3**

**Section 4**

*by Joseph Bevelacqua*

*by Valentina Zharkova*

Rover-B (Opportunity)

*by Cesare Guaita*

Solar System Planets and Exoplanets

*by H. Pérez-de-Tejada and R. Lundin*

Life on Mars: Clues, Evidence or Proof?

*Tommaso Nicolò and Giorgio Bianciardi*

New Insights into the Search for Life on Mars

**Preface XI**

Introduction **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

The Sun **25**

**Chapter 2 27**

Venus **61**

**Chapter 3 63**

Mars **75**

**Chapter 4 77**

**Chapter 5 97**

**Chapter 6 135**

Solar Cycle Variations in the Position of Vortex Structures in the Venus Wake

Sedimentation and Proposed Algorithms to Detect the Possible Existence of Vegetation and Humidity in the Landing Area of the Mars Exploration

*by Emilio Ramírez-Juidías, Katherine Villavicencio-Valero and Arthur Borja*

*by Vincenzo Rizzo, Richard Armstrong, Hong Hua, Nicola Cantasano,* 

Millennial Oscillations of Solar Irradiance and Magnetic Field in 600–2600
