**1. Introduction**

The Martian moons may be an important part of future Mars local planetary exploration and exploitation [1–11]. The moons have orbits that are relatively close to Mars, making them potential spacecraft berthing stations. Both oxygen/ hydrogen (O2/H2) chemical propulsion and nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) orbital transfer vehicles were assessed. Their initial mass, propellant mass, and trip times were computed for several orbital transfer missions and orbital locations.

The moons may be sites of future in-situ resource utilization (ISRU), where metals and water may be wrested. The mining options for Phobos were assessed, showing the potential availability of water. A range of water mass fractions was investigated, and the potential masses of water were computed. The required mining time was also assessed.
