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## Meet the editor

Zbigniew Szadkowski obtained his Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics from the University of Lodz, Poland, in 1987 with his thesis, "Quark mixing in the SU(4) x SU(4) and SU(6) x SU(6) chiral symmetries." In 2007, he obtained a DSci in Experimental Physics based on the thesis, "Triggers in the Pierre Auger Observatory." Since 1998, Dr. Szadkowski has been working in the Pierre Auger Observatory designing the 2nd-level trigger implement-

ed in all 24 fluorescence telescopes, the 1st-level trigger implemented in all 1680 surface detectors, the Front-End Boards with ACEX (800 pieces) and Cyclone (900 pieces) FPGAs, and many algorithms for triggers. He worked at the Michigan Technological University, USA from 1999 to 2002, the College de France, Paris from 2002 to 2003, and the Bergische University of Wuppertal, Germany from 2003 to 2006.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

**Section 3**

**Preface XI**

Introduction **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Quark Topics **9**

**Chapter 2 11**

**Chapter 3 41**

**Chapter 4 59**

QCD Topics **79**

**Chapter 5 81**

**Chapter 6 93**

The Inter-Nucleon Up-to-Down Quark Bond and Its Implications

Double Pole Method in QCD Sum Rules for Vector Mesons *by Mikael Souto Maior de Sousa and Rômulo Rodrigues da Silva*

Application of Einstein's Methods in a Quantum Theory of Radiation

Introductory Chapter: Quantum Chromodynamic

*by Zbigniew Piotr Szadkowski*

*by Zbigniew Piotr Szadkowski*

Spectrosopic Study of Baryons *by Zalak Shah and Ajay Kumar Rai*

*by Richard Joseph Oldani*

for Nuclear Binding *by Nancy Lynn Bowen*

Quarks Mixing in Chiral Symmetries

## Contents


Preface

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is a quantum field theory that describes strong interactions between quarks and gluons. It is the SU(3) gauge theory of the current

This book contains a set of essays on various aspects of QCD, including the various natures of quarks from both theoretical and experimental points of view. The authors believe that ingenious and effective use of the newest achievements in QCD

is key to the development of not only physics but also science in general.

This book promotes cooperation between various disciplines as well as within larger research communities. The editors believe that this book will interest both avid experimentalists and theoreticians. We believe that quantum chromodynamics is an integrated discipline of the entire physics, an entry to Grand Unified Theories which ultimately allow integrating all fundamental interactions into a single,

**Zbigniew Piotr Szadkowski**

University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland

Standard Model for elementary particles and forces.

brilliant theory describing the entire world.
