*5.2.1 White pigments*

They are of various types. The composition, properties and applications of some white pigments can be summarised as follows;

• Not as durable as white lead and zinc oxide

• Spreading power is almost double as that of white lead

• Silicate skeleton have a potential influence on the colour

• Colour is because S present is in the form of polysulphide.

the manufacture of blue paints, inks, carbon paper and carbon ribbons.

• Very expensive and are not used in paints for ordinary purposes.

These are one of the oldest-pigments. They are mainly used for inhibiting rusting of iron and steel structures. The composition, properties and applications of

It consists of Pb3O4 and PbO, used for a primary coat on structural steel and in

• High capacity and hiding power

*Structure and Properties of Dyes and Pigments DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97104*

• High oil-absorbing capacity

• No tendency of chalking

*5.2.2 Blue pigments*

*5.2.2.1 Ultramarine blue*

**Properties:**

*5.2.2.2 Cobalt blues*

**Properties:**

*5.2.3 Red pigments*

*5.2.3.1 Red lead*

**143**

these can be summarised as follows:

imparting red colour to the glass for making bangles.

Blue Ultramarine Blue: Na5Al3Si2S3O12.

follows:

It consist of TiFeO3, TiO2 (iliminite+rutile). It is widely used in paints, in paper

Ultramarine Blue and Cobalt Blues are the most widely used blue pigments. The composition, properties and applications of these can be summarised as

There are three varieties of ultramarine namely blue, white and green. It is used as bluing in laundering to neutralise the yellowish tone in cotton and linen fabrics. White Ultramarine Blue: Na5Al3Si3SO12, Green Ultramarine Blue: Na5Al3Si2S2O12,

The composition of cobalt blues is 30–35% Co3O4 and 65–70% Al2O3. It is used in

*5.2.1.5 Titanium dioxide*

and textiles. **Properties:**

*5.2.1.1 White lead {2PbCO3.Pb (OH)2}*

The composition of the Lead Carbonate is 68.9% and Lead Hydroxide is 31.1%. It is used in the manufacture of paints.

### **Properties:**

