**Author details**

Hassen Agougui1,2\*, Youssef Guesmi3,4 and Mahjoub Jabli5,6

1 Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, University Campus, Zarroug, Gafsa, Tunisia

2 Laboratory of Physical-Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia

3 Laboratory, Water, Membrane and Environmental Biotechnology, Centre of Research and Water Technologies, Technopark of Borj-Cedria, Soliman, Tunisia

4 Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis - El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia

5 Department of Chemistry, College of Science Al-zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia

6 Textile Materials and Processes Research Unit, Tunisia National Engineering School of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia

\*Address all correspondence to: hassenagougui@yahoo.fr

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**185**

*Preparation of Functionalized Hydroxyapatite with Biopolymers as Efficient Adsorbents…*

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**Acknowledgements**

Hassen Agougui1,2\*, Youssef Guesmi3,4 and Mahjoub Jabli5,6

School of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia

provided the original work is properly cited.

\*Address all correspondence to: hassenagougui@yahoo.fr

1 Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, University Campus, Zarroug,

environmental applications as retention of heavy metal and pesticides from wastewater. Further works will be extended for the functionalization of hydroxyapatite materials with surfactants and cationic reagents for the removal of organic pollut-

The authors thank the INRAP (Institut Nationale de Recherche et d'Analyses Physico-chimiques), INRST (Institut Nationale de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique), ETAP (Entreprise Tunisienne d'Activités Pétrolières) and the

2 Laboratory of Physical-Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir,

3 Laboratory, Water, Membrane and Environmental Biotechnology, Centre of Research and Water Technologies, Technopark of Borj-Cedria, Soliman, Tunisia

4 Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis - El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia

5 Department of Chemistry, College of Science Al-zulfi, Majmaah University,

6 Textile Materials and Processes Research Unit, Tunisia National Engineering

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

**184**

**Author details**

Gafsa, Tunisia

Monastir, Tunisia

Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia

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**187**

**Chapter 11**

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

**1.1 Water crisis**

*Parameswari Kalivel*

Treatment of Textile Dyeing

Waste Water Using TiO2/Zn

Electrocoagulation Process

removal (99.5%) at pH 8.5 and 0.15 A in 10 minutes.

Electrode by Spray Pyrolysis in

An alternative form of treatment for the remediation of textile waste water, electrocoagulation (EC) methods are used. This work deals mainly with the treatment of waste water for textile dyeing preceded by the use of wastewater. The goal of the proposed study is to evaluate the efficiency of the electrocoagulation process using TiO2/Zn electrodes using TiCl3 via spray pyrolysis. The surface morphology of the electrode was studied by SEM, XRD and EDS analysis. The efficiency of electrocoagulation treatment process to treat synthetic waste water containing Coralene Navy RDRLSR, Coralene Red 3G, Rubru RD GLFI dye was studied. The effect of parameters such as current density, influence of effluent pH, supporting electrolyte NaCl concentration, and EC time on dye removal efficiency were investigated. The result indicates that this process is very efficient and was able to achieve color

**Keywords:** electrocoagulation, textile dye effluent, TiO2/Zn electrode, EC time

Water is the source of life and regarded as the most essential resource of natural resources. In recent days, demand for water has increased due to tremendous growth in technology and industries. The ever increasing world population and rapidly advancing industrialization is causing more demand than ever for the dwindling supply of water, which makes it precious [1]. Many water pollutants are yet to be addressed, due to rapid industrialization there are new pollutants which are being discovered. New chemical compounds are continuously being developed and

brought to the market and sooner or later they will be utilized in the aquatic systems. There may be adverse effects on human health and marine environments from emerging contaminants found in water. For human health, safe water that is free of harmful chemicals and pathogens is essential [2]. Water shortages will contribute to social and political unrest, water wars and diseases in the coming decades, and it will take a dramatic turn in the opposite direction unless new methods of providing clean water are found. Increased public awareness has led governments and
