**Abbreviations**

*Dyes and Pigments - Novel Applications and Waste Treatment*

also requires protection from UV rays [104].

**3.3 Moth proof and mosquito repellent dyes**

repellent dye after its application on textiles.

clothing, pram and curtains [110] (**Table 2**).

UV protective dye can also be applied to the clothing of Indoor workers who are potentially exposed to UV radiation for example in hospitals where UV radiation is required for some kind of treatments in some laboratory works, plasma torch operating, printing, lithographing, painting, wood curing, plastic working, in some cases food industry also [103]. Army personnel who have been working in extreme climate conditions also experiences intense solar radiation with terrible heat stress

Moth proof and mosquito repellent dyes provides protection against moths and mosquitos after application on textiles. Synthetic moth proof or mosquito repellent are generally available in colourless form. Therefore, moth proof and mosquito repellent dyes available in natural form. Various natural dyes contain tannin which can also act as a moth proofing agent. It has been reported in a research that the natural dyes having more than about 40% tannin is effective as an anti-moth agent. In various studies, it was reported that natural dye extracted from Saffron flower waste, onion skin, henna, myrobalan, silver oak leaf, madder, wall nut, dholkanali and yellow roots provides anti-moth properties after application on textiles [105]. Application of dye extracted form pomegranate peel with polyvinyl alcohol can act as mosquito repellent [106]. The mosquito repellent property of synthesised *4*-*Amino*-*N, N*-*diethyl*–*3*-*methyl benzamide* (MD) coupled with three different naphthol were assessed. Cotton fabric dyed with MD and naphthol showed very good and durable mosquito repellence. *N, N*-*diethyl*-*m*-*toluamide* (DEET) is used to synthesise the MD [107]. Pomegranate peels Extract can also act as mosquito

Moth proof dyes were applied using exhaust method in which condition such as (Concentration of colourant-5%, temperature. 90°C degree, M:L- 1;:40, and pH 5–6, were maintained. Simultaneous dyeing with mothproofing agent on wool fabric were also reported. Result of this study showed that undyed and only mordanted fabric provides lesser protection from *D. maculatus* in comparison to madder dyed wool fabric. Mosquito repellent dyes are applied on fabric using either using exhaust method, pad dry cure and microencapsulation methods. [108, 109].

Mothproof and insect repellent dyes is textile museum and library to protect the textiles and books. Mosquito repellent dyes can also be applied to the children's

This high technological era is not only based on beautiful products but it is based on "beauty with artificial intelligence". Various researches are being conducted to develop a smart and functional textile which is not only appealing due to its looks but also have an artificial intelligence to give signal according to the change in nearby environment. Dyes can play important role to develop smart and functional textiles. Besides the functionality, sustainable and green aspect of dyeing are also being considered during synthesis and application smart and functional dyes. In comparison to the conventional dyes smart dyes can add a special intelligence to textile fabric such as thermoregulation, camouflaging. Similarly, functional dyes application on textile provides protection form UV rays, unhygienic conditions and insects. Despite of having such an intelligence of to perform according to nearby environment, various smart dyes have lost their ability to develop colour after several molecular transformation. This phenomenon is known as fatigue resistance.

**108**

**4. Conclusion**

