**4. Conclusion**

This high technological era is not only based on beautiful products but it is based on "beauty with artificial intelligence". Various researches are being conducted to develop a smart and functional textile which is not only appealing due to its looks but also have an artificial intelligence to give signal according to the change in nearby environment. Dyes can play important role to develop smart and functional textiles. Besides the functionality, sustainable and green aspect of dyeing are also being considered during synthesis and application smart and functional dyes. In comparison to the conventional dyes smart dyes can add a special intelligence to textile fabric such as thermoregulation, camouflaging. Similarly, functional dyes application on textile provides protection form UV rays, unhygienic conditions and insects. Despite of having such an intelligence of to perform according to nearby environment, various smart dyes have lost their ability to develop colour after several molecular transformation. This phenomenon is known as fatigue resistance.

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**Author details**

**Abbreviations**

AI Artificial Intelligence UPF Ultraviolet Protection Factor

UV Ultraviolet Radiation PDA Polydiacetylenes M:L Material to liquor ratio

Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India

provided the original work is properly cited.

\*Address all correspondence to: pargai.deepti16@gmail.com

Department of Clothing and Textiles, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

Deepti Pargai

*Application of Smart and Functional Dyes in Textiles DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96045*

Similarly, functional dyes also have limitation with regards to durability and comfort properties of the fabric. For instance, UV protective dyes have less stability in light and laundry. The fabric dyed with antimicrobial dyes as well as moth and Mosquito repellent also do not have very good wash fastness. These stability-related issue of smart and functional dyes can be enhanced to utilise proper application methods. Different application methods like surface modification (plasma treatment and UV irradiation, etc.) and microencapsulation to enhance the stability of these functional as well as smart dyes. Application method should be such type that

could make a balance between comfort properties and stability.

*Application of Smart and Functional Dyes in Textiles DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96045*

Similarly, functional dyes also have limitation with regards to durability and comfort properties of the fabric. For instance, UV protective dyes have less stability in light and laundry. The fabric dyed with antimicrobial dyes as well as moth and Mosquito repellent also do not have very good wash fastness. These stability-related issue of smart and functional dyes can be enhanced to utilise proper application methods. Different application methods like surface modification (plasma treatment and UV irradiation, etc.) and microencapsulation to enhance the stability of these functional as well as smart dyes. Application method should be such type that could make a balance between comfort properties and stability.
