**Chapter 8 129**

GaAs Compounds Heteroepitaxy on Silicon for Opto and Nano Electronic Applications *by Mickael Martin, Thierry Baron, Yann Bogumulowicz, Huiwen Deng, Keshuang Li, Mingchu Tang and Huiyun Liu*

Preface

*Post-Transition Metals* contains recent research on the preparation, characterization, and potential applications of post-transition metals such as gallium, indium, tin, thallium, lead, and bismuth, among others. Interest in the chemistry of posttransition elements has increased significantly in the last two decades. In particular, research on the metals of Group 13 has led to the synthesis and application of some very novel molecules, with implications for organometallic synthesis and new materials development for chemical, biological, medical, and environmental uses. This book also discusses new facts, developments, and applications in the context of more general patterns of physical, structural, morphological, and optical behaviors. Particular attention is paid to the main growth areas, including the chemistry of lower formal oxidation states, cluster chemistry, device fabrication, the investigation of solid oxides and hydroxides, advances in the formation of hybrids with II–V and related compounds, the chemical significance of Group 13 metal complexes, and the growing importance of the metals and their compounds in the mediation of

In Chapter 1, Prof. Jana et al. discuss indium oxide-based nanomaterials and their fabrication strategies, properties, applications, challenges, and future prospects. The authors highlight synthesis strategies for indium oxide-based bulk nanomaterials with variable morphologies starting from spherical nanoparticles to nanorods, nanowires, nanoneedles, nanopencils, nanopushpins, and more. In addition, the chapter examines thin-film deposition and periodic 1-dimensional/2-dimensional surface texturing techniques for indium oxide-based nanostructured thin films with regard to their functional properties and applications. The chapter also includes a state-of-the-art survey on fabrication strategies and recent advancements in the properties of indium oxide-based nanomaterials with their different areas of

In Chapter 2, Prof. Revaprasadu et al. report on indium chalcogenide nanomaterials, which are at the forefront of recent technological advancements. There has been an increasing trend in the exploitation of indium chalcogenides in various applications ranging from water-splitting reactions in renewable energy to degradation of dyes in environmental rehabilitation. This trend is attributed to the interesting and unique properties of indium chalcogenide nanomaterials, which can be easily tuned via engineering of particle size, shape, and morphology. In this chapter, the authors outline the preferred attributes of indium chalcogenide nanomaterials that are deemed suitable for certain applications. Furthermore, they explore recent reaction protocols that have been reported to yield good quality indium chalcogenide nanomaterials of multinary configurations (e.g., binary and ternary compounds). Finally, the authors address the urgent need for alternative synthesis routes, such as the use of low-temperature decomposing single-source molecular precursors, to be

improved and incorporated in the fabrication of functional nanodevices.

In Chapter 3, Dr. Svirsky et al. discuss the ionic state of indium in perchlorate solutions as well as the physicochemical properties of indium perchlorate. In perchlorate solutions, indium (III) cations attach a larger number of layers of water as well as

inorganic reactions.

applications.

**Chapter 9 169** IMPATT Diodes Based on GaAs for Millimeter Wave Applications with Reference to Si *by Janmejaya Pradhan and Satya Ranjan Pattanaik*
