Meet the editor

Dr. Hassan Massoud Heshmati is an endocrinologist with 45 years of experience in clinical research in academia (university-affiliated hospitals in Paris, France, and the Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA) and pharmaceutical companies (Sanofi, Malvern, PA; Essentialis, Carlsbad, CA; and Gelesis, Boston, MA, USA). His research focuses on pituitary tumors, hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancers, osteoporosis, diabetes, and

obesity. He has extensive knowledge in the development of anti-obesity products. Dr. Heshmati is the author of 288 abstracts, chapters, and articles related to endocrinology and metabolism. He is currently a consultant at Endocrinology Metabolism Consulting, LLC, Anthem, AZ, USA.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Preface III**

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 23**

**Chapter 3 43**

**Chapter 4 65**

Coronavirus Disease 2019 **87**

**Chapter 5 89**

G-Protein Coupled Hormone Receptors of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis are Targets

*by Valentine Suteau, Patrice Rodien and Mathilde Munier*

Effect of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on HPG Axis:

*by Priya Gupta, Archisman Mahapatra, Anjali Suman* 

Critical Analysis of Human Exposure to Bisphenol A and Its Novel Implications on Renal, Cardiovascular

*by Rafael Moreno-Gómez-Toledano, María I. Arenas, Sandra Sánchez-Esteban, Alberto Cook, Marta Saura* 

Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic Including Endocrine

Environmental Obesogens and Human Health *by Archisman Mahapatra, Priya Gupta, Anjali Suman* 

of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals

A Reproductive Endocrine Homeostasis

*and Rahul Kumar Singh*

*and Rahul Kumar Singh*

and Hypertensive Diseases

*and Ricardo J. Bosch*

and Metabolic Impacts *by Hassan M. Heshmati*

**Section 2**

## Contents



Preface

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) represent a heterogeneous group of exogenous chemicals that interfere with the action of hormones. Their number has markedly increased over the past 60 years. EDCs may be significant components of the environmental origin of several medical conditions. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected human health around the world. Several endocrine and metabolic systems can be impacted by COVID-19. This book examines the impacts of EDCs and the COVID-19 pandemic on human health, including

The book contains six chapters by authors from France, India, Spain, and the United States. I would like to thank all of them. I would also like to thank the great assistance of Ms. Romina Rovan at IntechOpen who supervised this book project.

**Hassan Massoud Heshmati, MD**

Anthem, AZ, USA

Endocrinology Metabolism Consulting, LLC

endocrine and metabolic consequences.
