**7.** *Abelmoschus manihot* **L. Medik is one of herbal medicine**

*Abelmoschus manihot* L. Medik is have highest total antioxidant (**Table 1**). The leaf plant is a tropical plant from china, which is trapped by the name Huangkui. Ethanobotanical uses and phytochemical analysis of *Abelmoschus manihot* L. Medik, where the preliminary study shows the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrates, tannins, steroid and glycosides [25].


**Table 1.**

*Background and Management of Muscular Atrophy*

also disuse muscle atrophy.

atrophy pathway [18].

**5. Antioxidant mechanism and function**

urate, glutathione and other thiols [20, 21].

**6. Flavonoids are group of antioxidants**

transcription factor A (Tfam) system, so it leads to increased mitochondrial DNA replication system and gene transcription system [15]. The Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-y-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) to appears key to the role-play a protective against of muscular atrophy linked skeletal muscle deterioration. The Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) interacts with the nuclear receptors and activate transcription factors to activated their target gene. The activity to responsive multiple stimuli including calcium ion, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP demand pathway system on the cell system in the spinal muscular atrophy. The metabolic stress mediated by PGC-1α downregulation plays a major role in muscle atrophy and to adaptation the soleus to mice hindlimb unloading (HU) in the defuse, we need antioxidant treatment (Trolox). Which, the HU caused of reduction in the cross-sectional area, redox status alteration (NRF2, Superoxide dismutase1 and catalase up-regulation) and the autophagy (Beclin1 and P62 mRNA up-regulation) [16]. The attractive of PGC-1α states in muscle mass could restore and promote the muscle metabolic system when normal physical activity impossible. The observation of the muscle fiber – specific event until overexpression of the attractive of PGC-1α states, where a master regulator of the mitochondrial biogenesis, to prevent activation produce of the catabolic system and

The natural antioxidant is one important to underlying to spinal muscular atrophy system. The natural antioxidant could effect to exercise the health-

promoting increase muscle defenses [17]. The natural antioxidant which role-plays to activation integrity on the cell and to prevent the free radical configuration tissue damage of muscle atrophy to normal healthy condition system of muscle

The natural antioxidant increasing antioxidative defenses and develop a synthesis of endogenous enzymes or increased antioxidant utilization, practice to maintain optimal body function to especially of spinal muscular atrophy in the redox condition on cell [19]. The function from natural antioxidant: it reduces the free radical of spinal muscular atrophy, stimulates the growth of normal cells, to protects the cell against the premature and abnormal aging condition of spinal muscular atrophy, helps fight the age-related molecular degeneration of spinal muscular atrophy and the last to supports the body immune system [17]. The natural antioxidant is powerful electron donors and also to the reaction of free radicals to target molecules breaking damaged on skeletal muscular. The lipid phase of chain-breaking antioxidant can scavenge the radicals in membranes and lipoprotein particles to preventing lipid peroxidation of skeletal muscular atrophy. The lipid phase such as tocopherols, ubiquinol, carotenoids and flavonoids and the aqueous phase such as ascorbate,

Flavonoids are a group from based on natural substances by a variable phenolic structure, where are found from fruits, vegetables, grains, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea and wine. Flavonoids are potential to anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and antimutagenic on spinal muscular atrophy disease [22]. As an anti-inflammatory, we need of agent system, where the COX is an endogenous enzyme with catalyzes function, which the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins and thromboxanes,

**146**

*Some compounds isolated from the genus* Abelmoschus manihot *L. Medik [26].*
