**2.5 Orthoses 3D scanning**

All orthoses were 3D scanned in order to compare them to their actual 3D models. The Artec Eva scanner was used for this process. Individual orthoses have been fixed in a clamp by their proximal end and positioned vertically in order to capture the external and internal surface of the models (**Figure 6**).

**Figure 4.** *Fortus 450mc 3D printer (left) and an example of an orthoses manufactured by this machine (right).*

**Figure 5.** *Final orthoses.*

*Orthoses Development Using Modern Technologies DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95463*

**Figure 6.** *3D scanning of the final orthoses.*

The scanning frequency was set to 8 fps (frames per second) and no errors occurred during the positives obtaining. Scanning of 1 orthosis took approximately 10 minutes, where the scanning took approximately 5 minutes and the postprocessing of the acquired data also 5 minutes. While postprocessing the acquired data in Artec Studio13 (Artec 3D, Luxembourg, Luxembourg), artifacts surrounding the 3D scan have been constantly generating when fixing the holes in the scan. To eliminate these defects, hole filling in the software has been disabled and the scan processing has been finished in Meshmixer software, where the scans were converted to solid models (**Figure 7**).

The edges of individual models have not been smoothened to preserve the generated shape. After the finalization, all 3D models of the scans were compared to their actual STL models in VGStudio MAX (Volume Graphics, Germany) software.

#### **2.6 Actual to nominal 3D model comparison**

When comparing actual to nominal models we must first determine what models we are comparing. The first step was to find out if there is a difference between the models generated from the 3D scanner software and digitally solidified 3D scan models. One of these 2 models was then chosen as the actual model. These models of the orthoses were then compared to their nominal models, which are the original orthoses models designed in Autodesk Meshmixer. After the actual to nominal model comparison, the thickness of the orthoses was also verified.

**Figure 7.** *Model of the scan generated from Artec Studio13 (1) and solidified 3D model of the scan (2).*
