Meet the editor

Dr. Mokhtar Arazpour is an associate professor in the Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Tehran, Iran, where he also obtained his BS, MSc, and Ph.D. in Orthotics and Prosthetics. The title of his Ph.D. thesis is "Design, Construction, and Evaluation of the New Powered Gait Orthosis for Walking in Spinal Cord Injury Patients." Dr. Arazpour's research interests

include lower-limb orthotics, osteoarthritis of knee and hand joints, design and construction of new lower limb orthosis, and walking analysis.

Contents

**Section 1**

*by Mokhtar Arazpour*

*and S. Karthikeyan*

and Future Directions

*and Rajesh Kumar*

**Section 2**

Biomechanics

*and Benno M. Nigg*

*and Jozef Živčák*

Prosthetics for Lower Limb Amputation

*by Ashish Castellino and Mohan Kameswaran*

**Preface XI**

Prosthetics **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 7**

**Chapter 3 29**

**Chapter 4 47**

Orthotics **65**

**Chapter 5 67**

**Chapter 6 81**

*by Branko Štefanovič, Mária Danko, Monika Michalíková, Lucia Bednarčíková, Viktória Rajťúková, Teodor Tóth, Marianna Trebuňová, Radovan Hudák* 

*by P. Senthil Selvam, M. Sandhiya, K. Chandrasekaran, D. Hepzibah Rubella* 

Audio-Vestibular Neurosensory Prosthetics: Origins, Expanding Indications

Design and Fabrication of Prosthetic and Orthotic Product by 3D Printing

*by Harish Kumar Banga, Parveen Kalra, Rajendra M. Belokar* 

Impact of Self-Selected Customized Orthotics on Lower Limbs

Orthoses Development Using Modern Technologies

*by Benjamin Dourthe, Judith Osterloh, Vinzenz Von Tscharner, Sandro Nigg* 

Introductory Chapter: Technology and Orthotics and Prosthetics
