**Acknowledgement**

The authors thank Dr. Arturo Madrid Lopez, Nutritionist, for his advice and assistance. We also thank Ing. Roy Swanson, the manager of the dairy farm where the present study was conducted. We also thank Amparo Nieblas Almada, Ingrid Rebeca Esquerra Brauer and Francisco A. Vazquez Ortiz for their excellent technical assistance.

## **5. References**


<sup>\*</sup> Corresponding Author

	- Collier, RJ., Dahl, GE., & VanBaale MJ. (2006). Major advances associated with environmental effects on dairy cattle. *J. Dairy Sci*, 89:1244-1253
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	- Folch, J., Lees, M. & Sloane-Stanley, GH. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. *J. Biol. Chem*, 226:497-509
	- Fuquay, JW. (1981). Heat stress as it affects animal production*. J. Anim. Sci*, 52: 164-174
	- Granzin, BC. (2006). Cooling and forage supplementation of grass-fec Holstein cows during hot conditions*. Trop. Anim. Health Prod*. 38: 141-150
	- Griinari, JM., Corl, BA., Lacy, SH., Chouinard, PY., Nurmela, KVV. & Bauman, DE. (2000). Conjugated linoleic acid is synthesized endogenously in lactating dairy cows by ∆9- Desaturase*. J. Dairy Sci*, 130: 2285-2291
	- Hara, A. & Radin, NS. (1978). Lipid extraction of tissues with a low-toxicity solvent. *Anal. Biochem*, 90:420–426
	- Hoffman, L.C.; Muller, M., & Cloete, S. W. (2003). Comparison of six crossbreed lamb types: sensory, physical and nutritional meat quality characteristics. *Meat Si,* 65: 1265- 1274.
	- Huth, PJ., DiRienzo, DB., & Miller, GD. (2006). Major scientific advances with dairy foods in nutrition and health. *J. Dairy Sci*, 89:1207-1221.
	- Kay, JK., Mackle, TR., Alduist, MJ., Thomson, NA. & Bauman, DE. (2004). Endogennos synthesis of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid in dairy cows fed fresh pasture. *J. Dairy Sci*, 87:369-378
	- Kay, JK., Weber, WJ., Moore, CE., Bauman, DE., Hansen, LB., Chester-Jones, H., Crooker, BA. & Baumgard, LH. (2005). Effects of week of lactation and genetic selection for milk yield on milk fatty acid composition in Holstein cows. *J. Dairy Sci*, 88:3886- 3893
	- Kelsey, JA., Corl, BA., Collier, RJ. & Bauman, DE. (2003). The effect of breed, parity, and stage of lactation on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on milk fat dairy cows. *J. Dairy Sci,* 86: 2588-2587
	- Lawless, F., Stanton, C., Escop, PL., Devery, R., Dillon, P. & Murphy, JJ. (1999). Influence of breed on bovine milk cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid. *Livest. Prod. Sci*, 62:43- 49
	- Lock, AL. & Bauman, DE. (2004). Modifying milk fat composition of dairy cows to enhance fatty acids beneficial to human health. *Lipids*, 39: 1197-1206
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	- Lock, AL. & Garnsworthy, PC. (2003). Seasonal variation in milk conjugated linoleic acid and Δ9-desaturase activity in dairy cows. *Livest. Prod. Sci,* 79:47-59
	- Luna, P., Juárez, M. & de la Fuente, MA. (2005). Validation of a rapid milk fat separation method to determine the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography. *J. Dairy Sci,* 88:3377– 3381

Moate, PJ., Chalupa, W., Jenkins, TC. & Boston, RC. (2004). A model to describe ruminal metabolism and intestinal absorption on LCFA in dairy cows. *Anim. Feed Sci. Technol,* 112: 79-105

118 Milk Production – An Up-to-Date Overview of Animal Nutrition, Management and Health

environmental effects on dairy cattle. *J. Dairy Sci*, 89:1244-1253

hot conditions*. Trop. Anim. Health Prod*. 38: 141-150

in lambs. *J. Anim. Sci,* 82: 1461-1470

Desaturase*. J. Dairy Sci*, 130: 2285-2291

nutrition and health. *J. Dairy Sci*, 89:1207-1221.

fatty acids beneficial to human health. *Lipids*, 39: 1197-1206

and Δ9-desaturase activity in dairy cows. *Livest. Prod. Sci,* 79:47-59

*Biochem*, 90:420–426

*Dairy Sci*, 87:369-378

86: 2588-2587

2717

3381

1274.

Collier, RJ., Dahl, GE., & VanBaale MJ. (2006). Major advances associated with

Cooper, S. L., Sinclair, L. A., Wilkinson, R. G., Hallett, K. G., Enser, M., & Wood, J. D. (2004). Manipulation of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content of muscle and adipose tissue

Cunniff, P.(16th Edition).(1995). *Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International*, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, ISBN 0935584544, Arlington, VA. Folch, J., Lees, M. & Sloane-Stanley, GH. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and

Griinari, JM., Corl, BA., Lacy, SH., Chouinard, PY., Nurmela, KVV. & Bauman, DE. (2000). Conjugated linoleic acid is synthesized endogenously in lactating dairy cows by ∆9-

Hara, A. & Radin, NS. (1978). Lipid extraction of tissues with a low-toxicity solvent. *Anal.* 

Hoffman, L.C.; Muller, M., & Cloete, S. W. (2003). Comparison of six crossbreed lamb types: sensory, physical and nutritional meat quality characteristics. *Meat Si,* 65: 1265-

Huth, PJ., DiRienzo, DB., & Miller, GD. (2006). Major scientific advances with dairy foods in

Kay, JK., Mackle, TR., Alduist, MJ., Thomson, NA. & Bauman, DE. (2004). Endogennos synthesis of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid in dairy cows fed fresh pasture. *J.* 

Kay, JK., Weber, WJ., Moore, CE., Bauman, DE., Hansen, LB., Chester-Jones, H., Crooker, BA. & Baumgard, LH. (2005). Effects of week of lactation and genetic selection for milk

Lawless, F., Stanton, C., Escop, PL., Devery, R., Dillon, P. & Murphy, JJ. (1999). Influence of breed on bovine milk cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid. *Livest. Prod. Sci*, 62:43- 49 Lock, AL. & Bauman, DE. (2004). Modifying milk fat composition of dairy cows to enhance

Lock, AL., Bauman, DE. & Garnsworthy, PC. (2005). Effect of production variables on the cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid content of cows' milk. *J. Dairy Sci*, 88:2714–

Lock, AL. & Garnsworthy, PC. (2003). Seasonal variation in milk conjugated linoleic acid

Luna, P., Juárez, M. & de la Fuente, MA. (2005). Validation of a rapid milk fat separation method to determine the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography. *J. Dairy Sci,* 88:3377–

yield on milk fatty acid composition in Holstein cows. *J. Dairy Sci*, 88:3886- 3893 Kelsey, JA., Corl, BA., Collier, RJ. & Bauman, DE. (2003). The effect of breed, parity, and stage of lactation on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on milk fat dairy cows. *J. Dairy Sci,*

purification of total lipides from animal tissues. *J. Biol. Chem*, 226:497-509 Fuquay, JW. (1981). Heat stress as it affects animal production*. J. Anim. Sci*, 52: 164-174 Granzin, BC. (2006). Cooling and forage supplementation of grass-fec Holstein cows during


	- Wood, J. D., Enser, M., & Fisher, A. V. (2008). Fat deposition, fatty acid composition and meat quality: a review. *Meat Sci,* 78: 343-358

## **Chapter 6**
