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Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

Mitigation

**Section 3**

Properties

Secrets and Consequences

*by Olayemi Fehintola Awopeju*

*by David Galán Madruga*

*and Muhammad Nadeem Zafar*

Combustion Processes

**Preface IX**

Health Effects of Environmental Emissions **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 17**

Environmental Emissions Monitoring and Mitigation **35**

**Chapter 3 37** Importance of Air Quality Networks in Controlling Exposure to Air Pollution

**Chapter 4 53**

**Chapter 5 67**

Composition and Measurement of Emissions **91**

**Chapter 6 93**

Industrial Air Emission Pollution: Potential Sources and Sustainable

Methods to Reduce Mercury and Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Coal

Carbon Soot Polymer Nanocomposites (CSPNCs): Production, Surface Morphological, Glass Transition Temperature Phenomenon and Optical

*by Maria Jędrusik, Dariusz Łuszkiewicz and Arkadiusz Świerczok*

Effects of Environmental Emissions on the Respiratory System:

*by Farzaneh Hajirasouliha and Dominika Zabiegaj*

*by Rabia Munsif, Muhammad Zubair, Ayesha Aziz* 

*by Rakhi Tailor, Yogesh Kumar Vijay and Minal Bafna*

Health Effect of Biomass Fuel Smoke

## Contents


#### **Chapter 7 123**

The Use of Synchronous Fluorescence Technique in Environmental Investigations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Airborne Particulate Matter from an Industrial Region in Poland *by Aniela Matuszewska and Maria Czaja*

#### **Chapter 8 141**

Qualitative Characterisation of Trace Elements in Diesel Particulate Matter from In-Use Diesel Engine Passenger Vehicles by Means of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

*by Richard Viskup, Christoph Wolf and Werner Baumgartner*

Preface

Today, the issue of environmental emissions is more important than ever before. Global emissions produced by humans and industries are increasing both linearly and exponentially due to the daily production, fabrication, and use of goods and

More and more goods are produced in semi-automated or fully automated production, and the types and quantities of fabricated items are expanding. However, these items have shorter lifespans than those fabricated 40 or 50 years ago. Nowadays it is common to replace appliances, electronics, and gadgets with newer models every few years. As such, factories are progressively producing

Although the global population is aging and the number of families and family members in households are decreasing, overall the population is still increasing, especially in cities. More people equals more stuff, and humans' demand for commodities is having negative results on the environment. Global natural resources and energy are being depleted. Growing numbers of people are driving or taking public transport daily and thus traffic is increasing, as is the number of vehicles. Over the last 30 years, transportation and logistics services have grown at rapid rates.

Today, almost every single item we bring into our homes is manufactured somewhere else and transported to us using trucks, ships, airplanes, trains, cars, and so on. Apart from foodstuffs, many of these items will end up in the trash or, in the best-case scenario, recycled. Although recycling is the better option, this too involves transporting materials, which results in the production of waste and emissions. Air pollution with particulates, soot, carbon, aerosols, heavy metals, and so on is causing adverse effects on human health as well as the environment.

This book, Environmental Emissions, presents new research and findings related to environmental emissions, pollution, and future sustainability. The first section deals with health effects, the second section discusses emission monitoring and mitigation, and the third section covers emission composition and measurement. Chapters are written by researchers, scientists, and engineers in environmental science, combustion, industrial pollution, health, emission monitoring, emission

I would like to thank all of the authors for their rigorous preparation of the individual book chapters, and I hope the readers will find this volume a useful

**RnDr. Dr. Eng. Richard Viskup, MSc., MPhil., PhD.**

Johannes Kepler University Linz,

Austria

more goods and thus producing more waste and emissions.

mitigation, and air quality measurements.

and interesting resource.

commodities.
