**5. Conclusion**

136 Studies on Environmental and Applied Geomorphology

Nourished Shoreline, 2008 Measured 18.11.2006 Measured 09.01.2010 Computed 2010, CSIM

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440

**Alongshore Distance, x (m)**

Fig. 11. Perissia Hotel Beach at Side; shoreline retreat due to erosion over the years, red line

Fig. 12. Two panoramic views of the Perissia Hotel Beach at 26.07.2006 and 09.01.2010

The coastal erosion problem faced with in Perissia Hotel Beach is a very important example of the erosion caused by alteration and harming of the natural balance in a coastal area, which results from damaging and removing the rocky formations, naturally acting as submerged breakwaters or reefs and thus, protecting the beach against wave action. Such an application has initiated and accelerated the erosion at Perissia Hotel Beach. In Fig. 12, the

showing the before and after remedial measures

50

shows

70

90

110

130

**Cross-shore Distance, y (m)**

150

170

190

210

230

N

In this chapter, governing parameters of the geomorphological evolution of the coastal areas are briefly discussed in the view of sediment budget concept. Numerical modeling of the sediment transport mechanisms in coastal areas is discussed putting emphasis on onedimensional numerical modeling which has been used as an effective tool by scientists and engineers for years to understand and predict shoreline changes in long term due to coastal erosion problems. In the case studies given above, the general approach for predicting shoreline changes at coastal areas, where human induced coastal erosion has become a chronic problem, is discussed. The Kzlrmak River mouth is a typical example of the effects of flow regulation structures on rivers and wetlands of alluvial plains fed by these rivers and resulting in severe coastal erosion problems in return. While silting of the reservoirs decreases the economic life of them, the coastal areas at downstream of these reservoirs hunger the silted material and degrades day by day. Perissia beach case is again another typical example of direct human intervention on the geomorphological and coastalhydrodynamic processes at the beaches and resulting in erosion problems. These two cases stress the importance of the sustainable use of the resources in the long term for the benefit of mankind and of developing more sophisticated tools and methodologies to provide a better understanding and prediction capabilities of the adverse effects of anthropogenic activities at coastal areas.
