**5. Future of denim recycling**

Since mechanical recycling technique is a challenge in the process, recently, new techniques have emerged to use denim jeans and other cellulosic materials as a source/raw material. Companies like Re:newcell, Infinited Fibers, and Nanollose are

On the other hand, eutrophication and water use remain higher than those of the

Fiber selection stage—in this study fiber cultivation stage—has the main role in environmental impact of a denim fabric. Selected five impact categories are divided

articles in **Figure 5**. Organic cotton still uses a decent amount of water during cultivation. Therefore, Article A-7 could not result with the lowest impact on water

*Results of LCA calculations of organic and post-consumer recycled cotton blends.*

use and eutrophication.

**4.4 Discussion**

**76**

**Figure 7.**

**Figure 6.**

*Land needed for 1 kg lint organic cotton, m<sup>2</sup> [80].*

*Waste in Textile and Leather Sectors*

taking second-hand garments, applying fiber separation and turning cellulosic part into liquid [83–85]. Some of them include fermentation, and as a last step, they turn the liquid into the material. The process resembles regenerated cellulosic fiber process. The use of fermentation appears to be a promising step into bio design for textiles, and this also eliminates all the negative sides of mechanical recycling.

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