**3. Experimental results**

*Organic Agriculture*

(BioIberica) (2 l ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>

to the formula:

weighed [14].

the weed control methods.

**2.3 Statistical analysis**

transformed using the function y = lnx + 1.

**2.4 Meteorological conditions**

Conflic (Atlantica Agricola)).

seedlings was recalculated as per m<sup>2</sup>

cal plant protection products were applied.

**2.2 Assessment of weed incidence in the crop**

where S1 is the number of weed seedlings per m<sup>2</sup>

control methods and S2 is the number of weed seedlings per m<sup>2</sup>

grown with 12.0 cm interrow spacing. Winter rape was not fertilized, and no chemi-

In the treatments with the use of the bio-preparations, pre-sowing, the seeds of winter rape were coated with the bio-organic fertilizer Nagro (BioPlant) (0.5 l per ton of seeds and 10 l of water), and during the growing season, the winter rape crop was sprayed twice with the bio-preparations (in the autumn with Terra Sorb Foliar

), in the spring with Terra Sorb Foliar (1 l ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>

The analysis of weed seedlings was carried out at winter rape 3–4 leaf growth stage (BBCH 13–14) in the autumn and after resumption of vegetation in the spring (BBCH 50) before the application of thermal and mechanical weed management methods. In each experimental plot, in four randomly selected 0.10 m<sup>2</sup> record plots, the number of weed seedlings and weed species composition were established. This analysis was done for the second time 5–7 days after application of the weed control methods in the marked record plots. The number of weed

methods for the change in the number of weed seedlings was calculated according

At winter rape green silique stage (BBCH 79), the number of weeds and weed species composition were determined in each plot in four 0.25 m2

The significance of the differences between the means was estimated using the *t* criterion; the interplay between the traits was determined by the correlation regression methods. The statistical analysis of the experimental data was performed using software STAT from the software package SELEKCIJA [15]. The experimental data that did not fit the normal distribution law, prior to the statistical evaluation, were

In 2014 autumn was warm and long, so conditions for rape growing were favorable. In winter, meteorological conditions were favorable for rape over-wintering. In 2015, autumn was warm and humid. During the first decade of January 2016 of very cold weather and the absence of snow, over-wintering of rape was not successful. In 2016, the conditions for rape preparation for wintering and for over-wintering were favorable. In 2017, rape vegetation renewed on March 31. April was cold and humid with 35.3 mm more rainfall than usual. As a result, some winter rape has not

plots; he weeds were dried in a drying chamber at 60°C temperature and

. The efficacy (E) of the weed management

before application of the weed

after application of

record

E = (S1–S2)/S1 × 100%, (1)

) and 0.3%

**124**

over-wintered.
