**4. Different available organic inputs**

#### **4.1 Organic droppings (manure)**

The farm-yard manure (FYM) and vermicomposting, etc., are typically little in nutrient contented. So, great use rates are difficult to meet crop nutrient supplies. However, in numerous emerging nations (like India), the obtainability of organic manures is not sufficient for crop demands partly due to its wide use of cattle dung in energy production. Green manuring with Sesbania plant, cowpea, and green gram is effective to improve the soil content of organic matter. However, employment of inexperienced manuring has declined in the previous couple of decades because of intensive cropping and socioeconomic reasons. Taking these constraints, International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) and Codex Alimentarius have approved the use of some inorganic sources of plant nutrients like rock phosphate, basic slag, rock potash, etc., in organic farming systems [10].

### **4.2 Bacterial and fungal biofertilizers**

Nitrogen fixation on the surface of the earth is mainly by microorganisms, representing 67.3% among all the bases of N fixation. Subsequent microorganism and plant life biofertilizers will be utilized as an ingredient of organic farming in numerous crops.

### *4.2.1 Rhizobium*

The efficiency of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms viz. *Rhizobia* for legume crops e.g. *Rhizobium*, *Bradyrhizobium*, *Azorhizobium*, *Mesorhizobium,* and *Sinorhizobium*.

**7**

*Role of Organic Farming in Agriculture DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93431*

*4.2.2 Azotobacter*

*4.2.3 Azospirillum*

the rhizosphere [12].

*Bacilli* genus.

**6.1 Mycorrhizal fungi**

plant access to nutrient sources [13–15].

**6.2 Blue Chlorophyta (BGA)**

coating.

Legumes are infected by these bacteria all over the world. These rhizobia have a

species and microorganism strains. Carrier based inoculants will primarily be coated with seeds for the introduction of microorganism strains into soil [11].

Nitrogen will be fixed by independent microorganisms in cereal crops with no interdependency. Such free-living bacteria are: *Azotobacter sp*. for dissimilar cereal

The gram-positive bacteria *Azospirillum* colonizes in a remarkably kind of yearly and perennial florae. Studies indicate that *Azospirillum* will proliferate the development of crops like flowers, cotton, oak, tomato, sugar beet, pepper, carrot, wheat, and rice. The crop yield can upsurge from 5 to 30%. Inoculum of *Azotobacter* and *Azospirillum* will be created and applied as in humate origination finished seed

Numerous microorganisms promote plant growth area. The unit is jointly known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR improves plant growth by colonizing the root system. Huge inhabitants of microorganisms recognized in implanting material and roots develop an incomplete sink for nutrients in

Phosphorus is also an important nutrient similar to nitrogen for plants. This part is important for the nodulation by bacteria genus and even to nitrogen fixers, *Azolla* and BGA. Phosphorus-solubilizing microorganism (PSB) fungi create on the market are insoluble phosphorus to the plants. It will increase crop weight up to 200–500 metric unit/ha and so 30–50 kg Super Phosphate will be preserved. Most predominant phosphorus-solubilizing microorganism (PSB) belongs to the genera

Mycorrhizal fungi which cause root-colonizing increase tolerance to many sever metal contamination and drought. Mycorrhizal fungi improve soil quality additionally by having an on-the-spot influence on soil aggregation and also aeration and water dynamics. An interesting potential of these fungi is their ability to permit

The BGA represents the most important, most numerous and cosmopolitan cluster of microscopic organisms that perform an oxygenic chemical process. These

are as well-known as Cyanophyceae and cyanobacteria [15–18].

counting on host-plant

N2-fixing capability up to 450 metric weight units N ha –1

crops; *Herbaspirillum spp* and *Acetobacter diazotrophicus*.

**5. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria**

**6. Phosphorus-solubilizing microorganism (PSB)**

Legumes are infected by these bacteria all over the world. These rhizobia have a N2-fixing capability up to 450 metric weight units N ha –1 counting on host-plant species and microorganism strains. Carrier based inoculants will primarily be coated with seeds for the introduction of microorganism strains into soil [11].
