*4.2.2 Azotobacter*

*Organic Agriculture*

Benefits of organic farming

man and animals

of chemical fertilizer.

**4. Different available organic inputs**

**4.2 Bacterial and fungal biofertilizers**

basic slag, rock potash, etc., in organic farming systems [10].

**4.1 Organic droppings (manure)**

is reduced.

• Organic agriculture helps to prevent environmental degradation and avoid a

• Organically grown crops are believed to be healthier and nutritional food for

• Organic fertilizer is considered as complete plant food. Organic matter restores the pH of the soil, which may become acidic due to the continuous application

• Organic manure is the principal component of organic farming to produce

• Most of the organic manures are wastes or byproducts, which on accumulation may contribute to contamination. In this method of organic farming pollution

• Organic farming is labor intensive in the nation which will also help in generating more employment in rural areas that will help in reducing economic inputs.

• As a whole, adoption of organic farming provides a better and balanced environment and better products and living conditions to the human beings.

The farm-yard manure (FYM) and vermicomposting, etc., are typically little in nutrient contented. So, great use rates are difficult to meet crop nutrient supplies. However, in numerous emerging nations (like India), the obtainability of organic manures is not sufficient for crop demands partly due to its wide use of cattle dung in energy production. Green manuring with Sesbania plant, cowpea, and green gram is effective to improve the soil content of organic matter. However, employment of inexperienced manuring has declined in the previous couple of decades because of intensive cropping and socioeconomic reasons. Taking these constraints, International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) and Codex Alimentarius have approved the use of some inorganic sources of plant nutrients like rock phosphate,

Nitrogen fixation on the surface of the earth is mainly by microorganisms, representing 67.3% among all the bases of N fixation. Subsequent microorganism and plant life biofertilizers will be utilized as an ingredient of organic farming in

The efficiency of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms viz. *Rhizobia* for legume crops e.g. *Rhizobium*, *Bradyrhizobium*, *Azorhizobium*, *Mesorhizobium,* and *Sinorhizobium*.

optimal conditions in the soil for high yields and good quality.

chain reaction in the environment from chemical sprays and dusts

**6**

numerous crops.

*4.2.1 Rhizobium*

Nitrogen will be fixed by independent microorganisms in cereal crops with no interdependency. Such free-living bacteria are: *Azotobacter sp*. for dissimilar cereal crops; *Herbaspirillum spp* and *Acetobacter diazotrophicus*.
