**5.1 Contained fluid**

Regarding the numerical solutions found in this case, the horizontal temperature gradient generates convective states and tends to concentrate motion near the warmer wall. This fact coincides with experiments in Refs. (38; 40; 41) and is consistent with previous numerical results reported in (27; 45). The temperature dependent viscosity localizes motion near the region of lower viscosity, i.e., the bottom plate. This also coincides with experiments in Refs. (36; 46; 49) and numerical results in Ref. (48). It is remarkable that the horizontal temperature gradient favours a threedimensional structure after the bifurcation, while the pattern continues being axisymmetric after the bifurcation in the only vertical gradient case.
