Kinetic Models and Tools for Biomass Measurement

**Chapter 30**

**Abstract**

Biomass Waste

anism as (*g*ð Þ¼ � <sup>α</sup> ½ � ln 1ð Þ � <sup>α</sup> <sup>1</sup>

characterization

**1. Introduction**

**579**

dom nucleation and growth, respectively.

Investigation of Nonisothermal

Combustion Kinetics of Isolated

Lignocellulosic Biomass: A Case

*Emmanuel Galiwango and Ali H. Al-Marzouqi*

Study of Cellulose from Date Palm

The efficient and high yielding acid-base and Organosolv methods were studied for cellulose isolation from date palm lignocellulose waste biomass and thereafter analyzed for nonisothermal kinetic and thermodynamic parameter determination using model-free methods. The structural and chemical characterization of the isolated celluloses revealed structures and functional groups characteristics of cellulose. Thermal decomposition analysis revealed one major peak with average mass loss of 72.51 � 0.7% and 55.82 � 1.1% for the acid-base and Organosolv method, respectively. This occurred in the temperature region between 250 and 350°C associated with cellulose degradation and contrasted with the three peaks detected in the original biomass. The kinetic and thermodynamic results revealed a strong relationship between the average activation energy and average change in enthalpy with a difference of 5.23 and 147.07 kJmol�<sup>1</sup> for Organosolv and acid-base methods, respectively. The Gibbs's free energy results revealed that Organosolv cellulose pyrolysis would reach equilibrium faster in KAS, Starink and FWO models with average <sup>Δ</sup>G values of 115.80 � 36.62, 115.89 � 36.65, and 119.45 � 37.98 kJmol�<sup>1</sup>

respectively. The acid-base method for FWO model gave negative entropy values. The Malek method revealed the acid-base and Organoslv cellulose pyrolysis mech-

**Keywords:** lignocellulose biomass, nonisothermal kinetics, isolation methods,

Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant, renewable, and one of the cheapest carbon neutral raw materials in the biosphere that can be used to produce sustainable products such as biofuels, using different technologies [1]. The lignocellulosic biomass consists of mainly cellulose carbohydrate polymer, hemicellulose, and the aromatic component, lignin [2]. Lignocellulose biomass can store up to 47

<sup>4</sup><sup>Þ</sup> and (*g*ð Þ¼ � <sup>α</sup> ½ � ln 1ð Þ � <sup>α</sup> <sup>1</sup>

,

<sup>3</sup>Þ, characterized by ran-
