**Author details**

*Biotechnological Applications of Biomass*

**4. Conclusion**

**Acknowledgements**

Tecnológico – CNPQ.

**Author contributions**

**Conflict of interest**

simulation underestimates the temperatures inside the reaction vessel for Polyol 3 during all the time of experiment. It is worth mentioning that several endothermic and exothermic reactions occur during the experiments but the CFD simulations does not consider any chemical reaction neither changes in fluids properties.

From the CFD thermal profile, in vertical plane, it was necessary 60 minutes to achieve a steady state of heating in the mixture inside this liquefaction vessel. The model is accordance with experimental data, which shows the heating hate (∆T) was significant lower in the last stage (60 to 90 minutes). Although, the highest ∆T was observed in the first steps, the 90 minutes reaction was important to guarantee

The increase in the temperature of the mixture inside the reactor occurred due to the conduction and natural convection phenomena. These phenomena of heat transfer were favoured by the modification in the proprieties of the fluids, due to the heating of them and due to the reduction of the biomass and formation of the polyol. However, from the experimental data and CFD simulation it was observed that mixture temperature did not exceeded 100°C. The temperature inside the reac-

tor was limited to the thermal conductivity of the system and its reagents.

In conclusion, Computational Fluid Dynamics transient simulations, even presenting some oscillations, can be a satisfactory way to analyse heat transfer in

The authors thanks Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV—Campus Florestal), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa de Minas Gerais –FAPEMIG and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e

B.S. Leite and S.A.F. Leite conducted the liquefaction process; D.J.O. Ferreira conducted the CFD analysis; V.F.C. Lins analysed the results and reviewed the

biomass conversion into polyols (LY greater than 77 wt%).

liquefaction process, using crude glycerol as solvent.

paper; all authors had approved the final version.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

**572**

Brenno S. Leite1 , Daniel J.O. Ferreira<sup>2</sup> , Sibele A.F. Leite1 and Vanessa F.C. Lins3 \*

1 Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Vicosa (UFV—Campus Florestal), Florestal, Brazil

2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil

3 Institute of Science and Technology, University Federal of Vicosa (UFV—Campus Florestal), Belo Horizonte, Brazil

\*Address all correspondence to: vlins@deq.ufmg.br

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