Preface

Sudden cardiac death is typically related to arrhythmia that results in circulatory collapse. As the name suggests, sudden cardiac death may occur without warning in a patient without symptoms. Most cases of sudden cardiac death can be attributed to ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. The underlying mechanisms need to be elucidated, which may be challenging in the individual case. This book covers several aspects of pathophysiological pathways and etiologies.

The implantable cardioverter defibrillator is a cornerstone in the prevention of sudden cardiac death. In addition, the wearable cardioverter defibrillator may be an alternative in selected cases. As such, this book presents information on defibrillator technology and clinical applications. It also highlights risk-stratification in ion channel diseases and structural heart disease such as dilated cardiomyopathy. Overall, this book serves as a guide to the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Together, we will fight the global threat of sudden cardiac death among diverse disease conditions.

We hope you will enjoy this informative book!

**Chapter 8 157**

**Chapter 9 171**

Sudden Cardiac Death in Hereditary Dilated Cardiomyopathy *by Marianna Leopoulou, Jo Ann LeQuang, Joseph V. Pergolizzi* 

Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Risk Stratification for Sudden

*and Peter Magnusson*

*by Gustav Mattsson and Peter Magnusson*

Cardiac Death

**II**

#### **Peter Magnusson**

Centre for Research and Development, Region Gävleborg / Uppsala University, Sweden

> Department of Medicine, Cardiology Research Unit, Karolinska Institute, Sweden

> > **Jo Ann LeQuang** NEMA Research, Inc., USA

**1**

**Chapter 1**

**Abstract**

resuscitation.

recent advances

**1. Introduction**

Recent Advances

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation:

Cardiac arrest is the most significant reason for mortality and morbidities worldwide. With a better understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiac arrest, simple adaptations in basic life support to upcoming modifications in post-

resuscitation care have been proposed by various resuscitation councils throughout

the globe. Role of point of care cardiac ultrasound during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been explored and its contribution for identifying reversible causes and its real time management has been explored. A higher blood and tissue oxygenation levels contributed to an increased rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) which has to lead us to explore more options to increase the oxygenation. Starting from the CPR training, the use of sensors for spirometric feedback in ventilation maneuvers can help improve the quality of CPR. High flow nasal oxygenation during CPR has shown promising results. Extracorporeal CPR is another entity that has shown survival benefits in a selected group of patients. The aim of the newer advances has always been to decrease the morbidity and improve survival outcomes in terms of neurological deficit as well. These guidelines are reviewed and updated regularly to improve knowledge and training based on the current evidence. This chapter shall focus on recent advances in cardiopulmonary

**Keywords:** airway management, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, epinephrine, extracorporeal circulation, post-resuscitation care,

The recent era of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) began in 1960 by Kouvenhoven et al. [1], when the first time closed-chest compressions were brought into the clinical scenario. It was found that rhythmic chest compression can help in restoring spontaneous circulation of defibrillating heart after cardiac arrest. It was found that this technique was able to give the success rate of as high as 70% in anesthesia-induced arrest in operation theater [1]. This non-invasive technique

Since the introduction of closed-chest compression technique, various research has been continuously conducted to find techniques and interventions for overall improvement of cardiac arrested patients after CPR. Various communities are working on innovative techniques to improve the outcome of CPR. Resuscitation councils have a common basic goal of improving circulation and improving the outcome of the victim. The common feature was the willingness to bundle different

replaced the conventional open-chest compression technique.

*Abhishek Kumar, Pratishtha Yadav and Rakesh Garg*
