**5. Conclusion**

The prevalence of low urine creatinine and high urine creatinine was low. Twenty-four-hour urine osmolality, body mass index, CD4 cell count, and hemoglobin were strong correlates of high urine creatinine. Dyslipidemia was common in HIV subjects who have high urine creatinine. Low and high urine creatinine was absent in non-HIV subjects. Proteinuric renal abnormalities, abnormal weight, and dyslipidemia were common in these non-HIV subjects with normal urine creatinine. There is need for clinicians to routinely conduct urine creatinine and further search for dyslipidemia, abnormal weight, depressed immunity, and anemia in HIV subjects with dilute or concentrated urine in the early stages of the infection. There is also a necessity for clinicians to routinely conduct urine creatinine and further explore for abnormalities of lipids, renal function, and weight changes in subjects with normal urine creatinine in non-HIV subjects.
