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**15** 

*1,2Egypt 3Saudi Arabia* 

**Heavy Metals Contamination of a Mediterranean** 

Coastal Zone is "The scope of marine environment which covers territorial water, and the scope of land extending in wards that can affect or be affected by the marine environment. Half of Egypt's population lives in Egypt coastal zones, where sources of food, jobs and income are available. They depend mainly on traditional fishing and to a lesser degree on

Coastal areas are characterized by high organic matter and nutrients from the continent, having fragile coastal ecosystem dependent on terrestrial conditions (Yáñez-Aracibia and Sánchez-Gil, 1988). Industrialization of coastal areas is very common in countries characterized by exploitation and importation economics, causing serious damage to coastal ecosystems, e.g. contamination of metals (Cardoso et al., 2001). Moreover, anthropogenic activities are known to have a wide range of potential effects of these coastal ecosystems,

The release of pollutants into coastal environment is a major human concern worldwide. These contaminants are known to readily accumulate in bottom sediments which serve as a repository of pollutants. Sediment contaminants could be released to the overlying water, resulting in potential adverse health effects to aquatic organisms (Daskalakis and O'Connor, 1995; Long et al., 1995; Argese et al., 1997; Ross and Delorenzo, 1997; Freret-Meurer et al., 2010). Among the adverse health effects associated with these contaminants are toxicity to the kidney, nervous and reproductive systems, as well as endocrine disruption and mutations (Collier et al., 1998; Nirmala et al., 1999; Ketata et al., 2007; Liu et al., 2008; Brar et al., 2009). In addition, trace metals are known to bioaccumulate in edible aquatic organisms (e.g., mollusks), thus, representing a health risk to top predators, including humans (Fox et al.,

The Egyptian coastline extends 3000 km along the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea beaches in addition to the Suez and Aqaba gulfs. Natural conditions on Egyptian Mediterranean coasts differ significantly from those on the Red Sea coasts in terms of salinity, sea currents and temperature. Such difference has led to different biodiversity and ecosystems in each. The Nile Delta coastal zone located along southeastern coastal area of Mediterranean Sea at unstable shelf of the northern section of Egypt (Fig.1). It is boarded by the north western

particularly from point and non-point sources of pollution.

1991; Renzoni et al., 1998; Huang et al., 2006; Díez et al., 2009).

**1. Introduction** 

automation.

**Coastal Ecosystem, Eastern Nile Delta, Egypt** 

M. F. Kaiser1, H. A. Aboulela2, H. A. El-Serehy3 and H. Ezz El-Din3

*1Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University* 

*2Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University 3Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh,* 
