3.Overcrowding:

This variable is the result of the absence of urban development, both in infrastructure and housing. It affects the minimum conditions of people, integrated into a commune or political-administrative and territorial space. For the purposes of the study, it represents the average level of overcrowding in households, expressed as a percentage. It is a "different type of factor that influences the efficiency of the city council" [24], since it is associated with the characteristics of local residents and how these citizens coexist with their vital environments.
