**3.2 Financial distress measurement**

There are various detection models that have been constructed in CBs [11, 12] grouped the models into the following families of techniques: (i) statistical techniques, (ii) neural networks, (iii) case-based reasoning, (iv) decision trees, (iv) operational research, (v) evolutionary approaches, (vi) rough set based techniques, (vii) other techniques subsuming fuzzy logic, supporting vector machine and isotonic separation and (viii) soft computing subsuming seamless hybridization of all the above-mentioned techniques. Based on these methods, various authors came out with various research findings mentioned in the following section literature review.
