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**8**

**Chapter 2**

**Abstract**

and biology detection.

**1. Background**

**11**

*Ran Gao and Jiansen Ye*

The Antiresonant Reflecting

Optical Waveguide Fiber Sensor

In this chapter, the optical fiber sensors based on antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide have been introduced, including the single layer, double layers, double

antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide have been introduced in this chapter with different working principles, including the fiber optic vibration sensor, humidity sensor, strain sensor, temperature sensor, magnetic field sensor, biosensor, etc. Especially, many long-standing challenges in the fiber optic sensor can be solved through the working principle of the antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide, including the temperature cross-talk compensation, distribution localization, optofluidic biosensing, etc. In general, the optical fiber sensors based on

antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide have advantages, such as compact structure, high sensitivity, large dynamic range, and high stability, which appear to have potential applications in researches of structure health monitoring, oil exploiting,

**Keywords:** antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide, Fabry-Pérot resonator,

Over past two decades, the antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) has developed into a versatile platform for a range of interdisciplinary applications in low loss communication [1], ultrafast optics [2], optical amplifiers [3], and biophotonics [4]. In the ARROW, the guided light is reflected at the two surfaces of the cladding in the hollow-core fiber (HCF), forming a Fabry-Pérot etalon [5]. The guided light at the antiresonant wavelength can be propagated along the HCF. Due to the unique light guiding mechanism, the ARROW is a good candidate for the fiber optic sensor: (i) the optical properties of the ARROW can be easily manipulated with the cladding structure, making the flexibility for fiber optic sensors; (ii) the guided light can break the confining of the fiber core, forming an enhanced interaction between the light and the ambient medium; and (iii) the hollow holes in the HCF is a natural channel for the optofluidic biosensors, which reduce the complexity of the fiber optic sensor significantly. Many sensing principles of ARROWs for fiber optic sensors have been researched in recent years, including the ARROW with the single layer, double layers, double resonators, hybrid mechanism, etc. [6]. The ARROW-based fiber optic sensors possess great flexibility, high sensitivity, and low cost, which are expected to be used for many fields in real-world

double layers, double resonators, hybrid mechanism

resonators, and hybrid mechanism. Various optical fiber sensors based on

## **Chapter 2**
