**Chapter 4**

**226**:182-191. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3093

et al. In: Vincenzini P, Righini GC, editors. Advanced Materials in Optics, Electro-Optics and Communication Technologies. Faenza, Italy: Techna;

[43] Kajzar F. M-line spectroscopy for nonlinear characterization of polymeric waveguides. Optical Engineering. 1995; **34**(12):3418. DOI: 10.1117/12.213240

[44] Fardad MA, Fick J, Green M, Guntau M, Yeatman EM, Vitrant G, et al. Fabrication and characterisation of a CdS-doped silica-on-silicon planar waveguide. IEE Proceedings -

Optoelectronics. 1996;**143**(5):298-302.

DOI: 10.1049/ip-opt:19960836

1995. pp. 55-62

*Electromagnetic Propagation and Waveguides in Photonics and Microwave Engineering*

[36] Santos L, Vasconcelos H, Marques M, Almeida R. Active nanocrystals in erbium-doped silicatitania sol-gel films. Materials Science Forum. 2004;**455–456**:545-549. DOI:

10.4028/www.scientific.net/

[37] Almeida R, Vasconcelos H, Gonçalves MC, Santos L. XPS and NEXAFS studies of rare-earth doped amorphous sol–gel films. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 1998;**232**:65-71. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3093(98)00545-6

[38] Almeida RM, Vasconcelos HC. Rareearth doped nanocrystals in planar waveguides. In: Fundamentals of Glass Science and Technology. Vaxjo, Sweden: Glafo, the Glass Research Institute;

[39] Vasconcelos H. The effect of PO2,5 and AlO1,5 additions on structural changes and crystallization behavior of SiO2-TiO2 sol-gel derived glasses and thin films. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. 2010;**55**. DOI: 10.1007/

MSF.455-456.545

1997. pp. 110-117

s10971-010-2223-8

0022-2313(90)90012-z

10.1021/ja074481z

**48**

[41] Kovalenko M, Heiss W, Shevchenko E, Lee J-S,

Schwinghammer H, Alivisatos, et al. SnTe Nanocrystals: A new example of narrow-gap semiconductor quantum dots. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2007;**129**:11354-11355. DOI:

[42] Dawnay EJC, Fardad MA, Green M, Horowitz F, Yeatman EM, Almeida RM,

[40] Zimin LG, Gaponenko SV, Lebed VY, Malinovskii IE,

Germanenko IN. Nonlinear optical absorption of CuCl and CdSxSe1-x microcrystallites under quantum confinement. Journal of Luminescence. 1990;**46**(2):101-107. DOI: 10.1016/

(98)00365-2
