Thermal Effect of Electromagnetic Field

**Chapter 1**

**Abstract**

*Noormazlinah Ahmed*

bioactive compounds, solvents, plants

samples for analyzing organic compounds [10–12].

**1. Introduction**

**3**

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of

In recent times, bioactive compounds from plant samples are extracted using a microwave extractor. This is because traditional methods of extraction are need of higher volume of solvents, degrade thermal-sensitive bioactive compounds, and consume much time of extraction. Hence, this chapter unveils the importance of the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique in the recovery of bioactive compounds from plants. The involving extraction steps need to recover higher yields, faster, consumption of lesser extracting solvents, and ensure stable heat-sensitive bioactive compounds. The factors affecting MAE in the recovery of bioactive compounds from plant materials are as well discussed. Additionally, some of the previously reported bioactive compounds from plant samples using MAE are highlighted.

**Keywords:** extraction, microwave heating, microwave-assisted extraction,

idues using solvent(s); it can be in form of liquid or solid [1]. There are two categories of extraction which are traditional and modern; the former includes Soxhlet, soaking, maceration, ultra-sonication, turbo-fast blending, and solvent permeation; the latter includes ultrasonic-assisted, subcritical, supercritical CO2, enzyme-assisted, pressure-assisted, and microwave-assisted methods [2–6]. The traditional methods are mainly associated with an extended time of extraction, destruction of heat-sensitive bioactive compounds, and enormous consumption of solvents [3, 7]. It is then important to explore modern methods of extraction to overcome the setbacks associated with the traditional methods. Out of all the modern methods of extraction, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) has received the greatest attention due to its reduced consumption of solvent, shorter operation time, reproducibility, improved recovery yield, good selectivity, and reduced sample manipulation [8, 9]. Gedye et al. and Giguere et al. were groups that first described the usage of microwave energy in 1986, it was employed in organic synthesis; microwave energy was also employed in the extraction of biological

Extraction involves separating dissolvable substances from non-dissolvable res-

MAE method is being used in different kinds of samples which include geological, environmental, and biological matrices. In recent times, MAE is generally used

Bioactive Compounds (Review)

*Abdurahman Hamid Nour, Alara Ruth Oluwaseun,*

*Azhari Hamid Nour, Manal Suliman Omer and*
