**Author details**

*Nanowires - Recent Progress*

**4. Conclusion**

industrial and commercial applications.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

**Acknowledgements**

**Conflict of interest**

characteristics such as low reflectivity and multiple scattering of light, which increase the carriers generation and thus more interaction of separated photogenerated charge carriers with water molecules to adsorb on the surface comparing with thin film. Moreover, TiO2/In2O3 NW (1.2 × 10−3 degree−1 min−1) showed better wettability transition rate than TiO2 NW (3.2 × 10−4 degree−1 min−1) and In2O3 NW (9.2 × 10−5 degree−1 min−1) due to the interfacial surface modification between TiO2 and In2O3 and effective interaction between photogenerated charge carriers with water molecules (**Figure 10(b)**) [37]. All these assure prospective applications of coaxial TiO2/In2O3 NW grown using the GLAD technique for smart surfaces, with controlled switchable wettability by external stimuli for self-cleaning applications. Further, TiO2/In2O3 NW surface wettability had been tuned by annealing treatment, without changing the surface with extra chemical coating or by external light stimuli [42]. **Figure 10(c)** shows 600°C Annealed TiO2/In2O3 NW FESEM side view. TiO2/In2O3 NW samples annealed at 600°C shows nearly superhydrophilic with static water contact angle of 12° (**Figure 10(d)**). The surface of TiO2/In2O3 NW had been controlled to acquire desired water contact angles, which is paramount for designing practical application in self-cleaning, electronic, and biomedical fields.

In this capture, we have reviewed the synthesis of nanowires using GLAD and their applications. We have showed that GLAD is a simple, cost effective, and catalytic free technique where well-defined vertically aligned nanostructures can be synthesized which cannot be achieved easily by nanolithography-based method, solution-based method, vapor-based methods, template-based methods. Nanowires synthesized by GLAD technique has the following advantages: Growth of vertically aligned nanostructure, the shadowing effect introduces self-alignment effect, the porosity of the nanostructure film can be controlled by changing the incident angle. Various applications of nanowire and axial heterostructure nanowire array-based photodetectors as well as wettability applications synthesized using the GLAD technique have been discussed. The performance of these applications can be improved further with different structural and growth parameters. Therefore, it can be concluded that these nanoscale-based applications have potential for future

The authors are grateful and would like to acknowledge, NIT Nagaland and

TEQIP-III for providing the synthesis and characterization facility.

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Chinnamuthu Paulsamy\*, Pheiroijam Pooja and Heigrujam Manas Singh Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NIT Nagaland, India

\*Address all correspondence to: chinnamuthu@nitnagaland.ac.in

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