Meet the editor

Abdo Abou Jaoudé has been teaching for many years and has a passion for researching and teaching mathematics. He is currently Associate Professor of Mathematics and Statistics at Notre Dame University-Louaizé (NDU), Lebanon. He holds a BSc and an MSc in Computer Science from NDU, and three PhDs in Applied Mathematics, Computer Science, and Applied Statistics and Probability, all completed at Bircham International Univer-

sity through a distance learning program. He also holds two PhDs in Mathematics and Prognostics from Lebanese University, Lebanon, and Aix-Marseille University, France. Dr. Abou Jaoudé's broad research interests are in the field of applied mathematics, and he has published twenty-three international journal articles and six contributions to conference proceedings, in addition to three books on prognostics, applied mathematics, and computer science.

Contents

*by Abdo Abou Jaoude*

Wind Power Forecasting

*and Sonai Muthu Niraikulathan*

*by Ismit Mado*

of Various Methods

*and Haj El Moussami*

*by Isa Qamber and Mohamed Al-Hamad*

Data and Prediction of *NO*2, *O*3, *PM*10, and *PM*2.5

Double Seasonal Pattern Time Series Analysis

*by Sumit Saroha, Sanjeev Kumar Aggarwal and Preeti Rana*

Stock Market Trend Prediction Using Hidden Markov Model *by Deneshkumar Venugopal, Senthamarai Kannan Kaliyaperumal* 

**Preface XI**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 31**

**Chapter 3 47**

**Chapter 4 69**

**Chapter 5 87**

**Chapter 6 99**

**Chapter 7 121**

A Layered Recurrent Neural Network for Imputing Air Pollutants Missing

*by Hamza Turabieh, Alaa Sheta, Malik Braik and Elvira Kovač-Andrić*

Electric Load Forecasting an Application of Cluster Models Based on

Seeking Accuracy in Forecasting Demand and Selling Prices: Comparison

*by Zineb Aman, Latifa Ezzine, Yassine Erraoui, Younes Fakhradine El Bahi* 

The Monte Carlo Techniques and the Complex Probability Paradigm

ANFIS TVA Power Plants Availability Modeling Development

## Contents


Preface

This book is titled Forecasting in Mathematics – Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications. Additionally, each time I work in the field of mathematical probability and statistics, I have the pleasure of tackling the knowledge, the theorems, the proofs, and the applications of the theory. In fact, each problem is like a riddle to be solved, a conquest to be won, and I am relieved and extremely happy when I find the solution. This proves two important facts: firstly, the power of mathematics and its models to deal with such problems and secondly the power of the human mind that is able to understand such problems and to tame such a wild concept that is randomness, probability, stochasticity, uncertainty, chaos,

Mathematical probability and statistics are attractive, thriving, and respectable parts of mathematics. Some mathematicians and philosophers of science say that they are the gateway to mathematics' deepest mysteries. Moreover, mathematical probability and statistics denote an accumulation of mathematical discussions connected with the efforts to most efficiently collect and use numerical data subject to random or deterministic variations. In the twentieth century and the present time, the concept of probability and mathematical statistics has become one of the fundamental notions of modern science and philosophies of nature. This was accomplished after a long history of efforts by prominent and distinguished mathematicians and philosophers like the famous French Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat, the Dutch Christiaan Huyghens, the Swiss Jakob Bernoulli, the German Carl Friedrich Gauss, the French Siméon-Denis Poisson, the English Thomas Bayes, the French Joseph Louis Lagrange and Pierre-Simon de Laplace, the English Karl Pearson and Ronald Aylmer Fisher, the Russian Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov,

As a matter of fact, each time I read or meditate on these outstanding giants, I feel the respect, the admiration, and the esteem towards these magnificent men and giants of science who most of them were mathematicians, physicists, astronomers, statisticians, philosophers, etc... at the same time. They were, as we call them today:

Moreover, this book develops methods for simulating simple or complicated processes or phenomena. If the computer can be made to imitate an experiment or a process, then by repeating the computer simulation with different data, we can draw statistical conclusions. Thus, a simulation of a spectrum of mathematical processes on computers was done. The result and accuracy of all the algorithms are truly amazing and delightful; hence, this confirms two complementary accomplishments: first the triumphs of the theoretical calculations already established using different theorems and second the power and success of modern computers to

To conclude, due to its universality, mathematics is the most positive and certain branch of science. It has been successfully called by philosophers the Esperanto of all sciences since it is the common, the logical, and the exact language of

chance, and nondeterminism.

the American John von Neumann, etc…

Universalists.

verify them.
