**Author details**

*21st Century Surface Science - a Handbook*

In this system a microscope is just place at the top of microfluidic device and it captures the motion of chemical reaction change in micro channel. A light source is applied from the side to capture the video with more celerity with the help of high speed camera and store video into computer. The video is than sliced into image in required time interval as shown in lower left corner of figure. The Enlarge version of captured screen is shown in lower right corner of **Figure 5** which shows the

The selection of microfluidic fabrication process is dependent on type of material selection for different microfluidic application. The special grade stainless steel, borosilicate glass, PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane), PMMA(Poly methyl metacrylate) copper, aluminum and Acrylic have been used as solid material for microfluidic device fabrication. Chemical etching, 3D printing, Additive manufacturing, micromachining are the common manufacturing practices for the development of

Microfluidic devices are one of the most widely used devices of twenty-first century. They are being used in almost all the fields including biomedical, energy, chemical, environmental, etc. Microfluidics is the technology based upon various types of taxis, specifically chemotaxis. Surface wettability is an essential factor in the development of microfluidics. Elucidating mechanisms to improve surface wettability will help in the betterment of microfluidic devices. There are still unexplored applications of microfluidics such as in paint industry: to study the mixing and spreading of paints. Initially, microfluidics developed due to advancement in the field of silicon etching and molding of micro channels technique. The further advancement in the fabrication techniques will pave way for development of high-leveled microfluidic devices that will open a new era of research in all

We would like to acknowledge DARVUN India for providing us the opportunity

measurement of contact angle variation at different time interval.

**8. Fabrication process of microfluidic devices**

different microfluidic devices [68–70].

**9. Conclusion**

the fields.

**Acknowledgements**

of working for them.

**Conflict of interest**

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

**160**

Shivanjali Saxena and Rakesh Joshi\* Research Scientist, DARVUN India, Patiala, Punjab, India

\*Address all correspondence to: joshi.1@iitj.ac.in

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