Comparative Parameters of Cement Production

[16] Kind V.A. Chemical characteristics

*Cement Industry - Optimization, Characterization and Sustainable Application*

[17] Walter H. Duda Cement.; Data-

Zementindustrie 2., Auflage Bauverlag GmbH Wfmbaden and Berlin, 1981,

[18] Atakuziev, T.A. Sulfomineral cements on a basis of phosphogypsum/ T.A.Atakuziev, F.M.Mirzoev.: "FAN",

of Portland cement/ L.-М. Gosstroyizdat, 1932..

Book /Internationale Verfahrenstechniken der

484 p.

**102**

1979. – 152 p.

**Chapter 7**

**Abstract**

Production

*and Nkechi A. Kingsley*

Energy source, Clinkerization

**1. Introduction**

**105**

Energy and Economic Comparison

*Oluwafemi M. Fadayini, Clement Madu,Taiwo T. Oshin,*

Cement clinkerisation is the major energy-consuming process in cement manufacturing due to the high-temperature requirement. In this paper, energy data including specific energy consumption, forms, and types of energy used at different units of cement manufacturing processes were analyzed and compared for effectiveness, availability, cost, environmental, and health impact. Data from three different cement industries in Nigeria labeled as A, B, and C were used for the analysis in this study. The results of this research work established that coal is the cheapest energy source but environmental issues exonerate it from being the choice energy source. LPFO and Natural gas give better production output while minimizing pollution and health issues. When benchmarked against each other, Factory B was found to be the most energy-efficient in terms of output and cost of production. Although coal is cheaper compared to fuel oil and supposed to contribute a share of fuel used in cement industries, the industries are moving towards the use of alternative and conventional fuels to reduce environmental pollution. It is therefore recommended that deliberate effort to achieve appreciable energy-efficient levels

*Adekunle A. Obisanya, Gloria O. Ajiboye,Tajudeen O. Ipaye,*

of Different Fuels in Cement

*Taiwo O. Rabiu, Joseph T. Akintola, Shola J. Ajayi*

should be the priorities of the cement industries in Nigeria.

**Keywords:** Cement, Coal, Fuel oil, Natural gas, Energy Consumption,

Cement is regarded as a binder, a material useful in building and civil construction that hardens and adheres to other substances to bind them together. Cement is rarely used only, but to bind other building materials such as gravel and sand together. When mixed with fine aggregates, it is used to produce mortar for mansory or with gravel and sand, it produces concrete. Energy consumption in the Industrial sector ranges from 30–70% of the total energy used in some selected countries as previously reported by [1]. The cement sub-sector utilizes nearly 12–15% of entire industrial energy usage [1, 2] due to the high temperatures required in the kilns. Cement is a vital product used in society for constructing

## **Chapter 7**
