Preface

Material flow analysis has been a crucial topic in advanced metal and composites manufacturing processes, specifically for the processes of rolling, forging, extrusion, and welding that governs the quality of products through plastic flow behavior of different materials. These materials include new high/ultra-high-strength steels, and other lightweight alloyed metals and composites, such as those used in aerospace, automotive industries, biomedical engineering, and structural applications. The materials are used to reduce the cost and weight of materials; however, they increase quality and compatibility with human life. In the era of increasing importance to sustainable manufacturing, strengthening and joining by plastic deformation will find more application in various industries. These processes will help to develop lightweight products with compact design and desired directional properties, thereby helping in reducing the material and energy consumption. Usually, constitutive analysis of the flow behaviors yields assessable information on the relation between the flow stress behaviors and the thermomechanical state variables, that is plastic strain, strain rate, and temperature, and axial load in tension/compression desired for processing of advanced alloyed materials. The best consolidation of mechanical and physical properties is only possible with the right sequence of thermomechanical state variables. Furthermore, it is well known that complicated, large size, and compatible design of products is not possible to develop in a single-step manufacturing process. The joining process plays an important role to join similar/dissimilar metals during the welding process. In the last three to four decades, the solid-state welding process, e.g. friction stir welding and explosive welding, has been observed for high-ductility alloys and bimetallic plates and has been found to be the most important technology for lack of melting, less deformation, and fewer defects as compared to conventional fusion welding processes. In these processes, the high-speed stirring of the tool during friction stir welding and the collision of one plate with another plate during high velocity during explosive welding cause the joining area to experience severe plastic deformation. It may also be responsible for the degradation of mechanical properties and may also be beneficial. Thus, it becomes necessary to control their parameters, which can provide the appropriate quality.

Currently, the demand for composites is increasing due to the requirement of multiple environment (e.g., chemical, thermal, physical, and mechanical), and those composites can be the combination of metal/plastic, metal/polyethylene, metal/ceramic coating, etc. Apart from all these topics, liquid-liquid extraction ion-exchange or partitioning of organic compounds is exclusively used for extraction and purification of uranium, titanium, zirconium, etc.

Therefore, the right combination of thermomechanical, welding, composites, and the extraction process parameters may be favorable to reduce cost and longtime stability and may be compatible with human life. Thus, the aim of this book was a review of recent progress in the above-mentioned topics. This book includes six chapters. In the area of plastic deformation in materials, the topics covered are

forming, joining, explosive welding, and directional mechanical properties for different grades of materials. While in the area of composites and extractions, the topics are covered on composites and the new extraction process.

> **Dr. Sanjeev Kumar** Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

> > **1**

Section 1

Plastic Deformation

in Materials

Section 1
