**Acknowledgements**

*Material Flow Analysis*

a strong metallurgical bond.

bonding quality [74, 75].

point [19, 78, 79].

**4. Conclusions**

The various material combinations joined using explosive welding process i.e. similar and dissimiliar combinations are given in **Table 2.** In this process, different authors have also used the concept of the interlayer to minimize the kinetic energy

Following points should be considered for explosive welding process to produce

• The pressure generated at the collision point should be enough in magnitude so as to exceed the dynamic elastic limits of the mating materials in order to

• Stand-off distance should be calculated properly to ensure that the flyer plate can accelerate to the required impact velocity needed for good bonding. Use of high stand-off distance will result in edge instability and can also affect the

• The explosive used should provide sufficient energy in order to accelerate the flyer plate to the preferred velocity. The high detonation velocity of explosive should also be avoided as it can lead to spalling and damage of the joining materials. Therefore, the velocity of detonation must be less than 120% of the

• Flyer plate velocity (Vp) and collision velocity (Vc) should be less than the velocity of sound in either of the participant material. In order that the reflected stress waves do not interfere with the incident wave at the collision

a.Explosive welding is a solid-state welding process capable of joining any material combination which cannot be joined by any other conventional means. It can join materials irrespective of the difference in chemical and physical properties.

b.Jetting is one of the important criteria in explosive welding process which removes the oxide layers present at the mating surfaces. This jetting freely exit at the corners of the joint if the welding parameters are selected properly else if

c.Plastic deformation is caused due to high impact pressure and is considered as one of the important condition for joint formation in explosive welding process. Plastic deformation leads to the intimate contact of the two mating surfaces and results in strong metallurgical bond formation. It is responsible for grain refinement as well as increase in hardness value across the weld

d.To obtain a good bond, various welding parameters such as type of explosive, stand-off distance, flyer plate velocity, and collision velocity need to be selected very carefully. As these parameters will directly or indirectly affect the

ensure that deformation has occurred at the weld interface [74].

sonic velocity of the materials being welded [76, 77].

it gets trapped will result in the defects.

interface of explosively welded samples.

product of the weld.

loss as well as the formation of meting zone at the weld interface.

**3.3 Important points in explosive welding process**

**32**

I would like to deeply acknowledge Dr. Pal Dinesh Kumar, Scientist-F, Joint director (MEMWD), Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL-DRDO) and Dr. Sachin Tyagi, Sr. Scientist, Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIO-CSIR), Chandigarh, India for their motivation and guidance during the whole journey.
