**1. Introduction**

Impedance spectroscopy is used to obtain an electrical equivalent circuit that showed the best fit of the experimental data. The analysis of these impedance data using both Bode and Nyquist plots was useful for the identification and the deconvolution of different processes of adsorption and interfaces. The adsorptiondesorption phenomena representing the fundamental and essential electrochemical processes at the solid-liquid interface and adsorption of ionic and nonionic surfactants on the solid/liquid interfaces have been studied experimentally [1–4] and theoretically [5–8]. The surface area of a solid electrode also affects adsorption efficacy [3]. On the other hand, the contamination of wastewater by nitrate ions has become an ever-increasing and serious environmental threat for a long time [9]. The disproportionate application of chemical products in industrial sectors causes the increases in large quantities of this ion into wastewater and surface water [10]. The solubility of the ions of nitrate is very high in water [11] is considered the most widespread contaminant exhibit a serious in this literature [12, 13]. The high amount of nitrate in drinking water can cause a number of health problems such as gastric cancer [14]. The methemoglobinemia or blue baby syndrome, a serious health danger, occurs when nitrate is converted to nitrite which then reacts with the hemoglobin to cause blueness of the skin of newborn infants; this is discussed by [15]. The superior costs of adsorption using adsorbents such as activated carbon prompt researchers to find other cheaper substitutes such as lamellar double hydroxides (LDH) which have been shown to be effective for the removal of this contaminant from industrial washing water [16–18]. Although studies have examined this material, its application toward the removal of nitrate has not been examined previously. Therefore, the present chapter is aimed to synthesize and to study the efficient removal of nitrate by LDH. This system has low-mobility charge carriers, which are believed to be responsible for the dielectric response.

were recorded at different adsorption times (5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 min). The analysis and theoretical fitting by impedance spectroscopy using complex empirical

*Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Adsorption Behavior of Nitrate Ions by Layered…*

functions were carried out utilizing the software ZView 2.2 and Origin 8 for

function, respectively.

**3.1 X-ray diffraction**

literature [19].

function of time.

(NO3

**Figure 1.**

**115**

*XRD pattern of Zn3-Al-Cl-LDH-blank.*

**3.2 Infrared spectroscopy**

)ads-LDH depicted in **Table 1**.

the increase in the intensity of characteristic link of NO3

**3. Results and discussion**

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90883*

modeling of the ionic conductivity and the imaginary function according to the real

The X-ray diffraction patterns of Zn3-Al-Cl-LDH depicted in **Figure 1** of the sample are characteristic to those of a double lamellar hydroxide. The sample was crystallized in a rhombohedral symmetry (space group: R-3m) with

(c/3) = d003 = 2d110 and a = 2d006. The lattice parameters **c** and **a** are, respectively, 2.38 and 0.31 nm. These values are similar to those reported in the literature [14]. The peak (1 1 0) indicates the intermetallic distance used to calculate a lattice

)ads-LDH

ions at 1381 cm<sup>1</sup> as a

parameter (a = 2d110). Moreover, the values of the parameters **c** and **a** are, respectively, 23.82 and 3.10 A°. These values are similar to those reported in the

FT-IR confirms that the spectra of synthesized Zn3Al-Cl-(NO3

(**Figure 2**) resemble those of hydrotalcite-like phases [21]. The FT-IR presents a close-up view of the most important regions of the infrared spectra of Zn3Al-Cl-

The frequencies of absorbance links in this material are reported in **Table 1**. Indeed the infrared spectra of this material after adsorption at a different time show
