**5. Conclusions**

In synopsis, this chapter has explained how KOH activation has been utilized to convert C60 molecules to a 3D carbon, while at the same time, doping with pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen has huge impact in energy storage capacity. Meanwhile, a graded porous carbon was obtained through sponge KOH activation via GO loading. Further, physical properties such as low sheet obstruction, high BET surface, and higher conductivities are accomplished based on the carbon activation through KOH, which introduces sort of nitrogen which covers defects from graphitic lattice eventually. Every one of these benefits leads to the great electrochemical execution of carbon terminals. Further, carbonization procedure offers a potentially helpful strategy from abundant supportable resources to design carbon electrode materials with supreme storage for supercapacitors and LIBs, respectively.

**47**

**Author details**

Mujtaba Ikram1

Pakistan

Pakistan

Abdullah Khan Durrani1

Muhammad Umer Farooq4

\*, Sana Arbab1

University of the Punjab (PU), Lahore, Pakistan

\*Address all correspondence to: mujtaba.icet@pu.edu.pk

provided the original work is properly cited.

, Huma Anwar1

and Asghari Maqsood5

1 Applied Physics Lab, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology (ICET),

2 Department of Physics, Government College University (GCU), Lahore, Pakistan

3 Centre for Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore,

4 Department of Physics, University of Education, Faisalabad Campus, Pakistan

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

5 Nanoscale Laboratory, Department of Physics, Air University, Islamabad,

, Muhammad Ikram2

, Arsalan Nadeem1

, Muhammad Aamir Iqbal3

, Sidra Baber1

,

,

*Advanced Carbon Functional Materials for Superior Energy Storage*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93355*
