**1. Introduction**

In the developing world, energy crisis is the main reason for less progress and development. Renewable and sustainable energy may be of bright future for scientific lagging and low-income countries; further, sustainability through smart materials got a huge potential; so, hereby keeping in view the energy crisis which developing world is facing for many decades, there exists a possibility for obtaining energy through cheap, sustainable, and smart carbon materials. The nanostructures which are made up of sp2-hybridized carbon such as fullerene, carbon nanotubes, and graphene remain pivot point of advanced carbon functional material research [1]. As we look into the reversible electrochemical strength keeping in view of their great electric conductivity, chemical and mechanical durability, and the custom fitted structures that can be developed from advanced carbon functional materials, carbon materials have been the most significant anode material for the Li-ion batteries [2]. Advanced carbon functional materials may include graphene, carbon nanotubes, and fullerenes, respectively. Moreover, CNTs and graphene with high explicit surface territories can store higher charge capacity by the adsorption/desorption of particles at the anode/electrolyte interface. The higher charge capacity is hence incredible subject to the qualities of the carbon material, for example, its pore structure, doping, and defects. In this way, the advancement of electrochemical capacity in carbon needs a judiciously planned structure. One issue identified with the utilization of CNTs and graphene for electrochemical storage is the agglomeration of the nanostructures that prompts diminished efficiency [3, 4]. There has been progressive demand for the electrochemical energy storage with high energy density and remarkable rate performance. Electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs), additionally known as supercapacitors (SCs), have attracted a worldwide attention because of their long cycle life and high power density but comparatively low energy density of commercially available carbon-based SCs. Graphene has attracted an in-depth attention in energy storage applications relating to its distinctive options of high surface space, flexibility, chemical stability, and remarkable electrical and thermal conduction [5]. Energy storage capacity defines advanced energy technologies. Further, superior energy storage may be obtained through various routes like using pyrrolic (N5) and pyridinic (N6) doping in carbon materials, or superior energy by KOH activation in carbon materials, or through carbonization in organic matter, respectively. Further, energy storage using pyrrolic (N5) and pyridinic (N6) doping, or KOH activation, or through carbonization in organic matter will be discussed one by one.
