Meet the editor

Guangzhao Qin is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Hunan University, China. He received a BS from Zhengzhou University, China, in 2011, an MSc from the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2015, and a Ph.D. from RWTH Aachen University, Germany, in 2018. He was recognized as a Vebleo Fellow, received the 2017 Chinese Government Award for Outstanding Self-financed Students Abroad, and graduated

Summa Cum Laude from RWTH. His research interests are high-performance thermal management and energy transport and conversion at multi-time and multilength scales. Dr. Quin has published more than sixty papers in scientific journals.

Contents

*by Guangzhao Qin*

*by Zhenzhen Qin*

Splitting

Harvesting

System

of Resistance *by Yuri Bokhan*

*and Wenshu Zhao*

Using Defect Engineering

of Ruthenate Pyrochlores *by Sepideh Akhbarifar*

**Preface XI**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 5**

**Chapter 3 15**

**Chapter 4 45**

**Chapter 5 65**

**Chapter 6 85**

**Chapter 7 95**

**Chapter 8 115**

Introductory Chapter: Thermoelectricity – Recent Advances,

Optimization of Thermoelectric Properties Based on Rashba Spin

Processing Techniques with Heating Conditions for Multiferroic

Research Progress of Ionic Thermoelectric Materials for Energy

Challenges in Improving Performance of Oxide Thermoelectrics

Thermoelectricity Properties of Tl10-x ATe6 (A = Pb) in Chalcogenide

Systems of BiFeO3, BaTiO3, PbTiO3, CaTiO3 Thin Films

*by Jianwei Zhang, Ying Xiao, Bowei Lei, Gengyuan Liang* 

*by Jamil Ur Rahman, Gul Rahman and Soonil Lee*

*by Waqas Muhammad Khan and Wiqar Hussain Shah*

Thermoelectric Elements with Negative Temperature Factor

Quantum Physical Interpretation of Thermoelectric Properties

*by Kuldeep Chand Verma and Manpreet Singh*

New Perspectives, and Applications

## Contents


Preface

As we face the challenges of an energy crisis, it is crucial to seek out next-generation energy sources that are economical, sustainable (renewable), and clean (environmentally friendly). There are many types of energy that can be utilized in industry, such as nuclear energy, radiation solar energy, hydrogen energy, and so on. In most cases, all energy is converted into electricity before it can be utilized. Heat plays a key role in energy conversion and utilization. Heat is traditionally used to create electricity, but the process is complex and noisy and creates large amounts of waste. With the advantage of first-hand solid-state conversion to electrical power from thermal energy, especially from the reuse of waste heat, thermoelectricity has valuable applications in reusing resources, making it costeffective. Compared to the traditional methods of converting heat to electricity, thermoelectric devices have many advantages, such as all-solid-state features, no mechanical moving parts, long lifetime, and more. Consequently, thermoelectricity has many potential applications. For example, based on nuclear radiation with a long half-life, thermoelectricity can supply electricity for space stations and spaceships in deep space. In addition, thermoelectricity can also supply electricity for flexible wearable devices. As such, thermoelectricity has received extensive attention and is expected to be helpful for combating environmental pollution

The wide applications of thermoelectrics in commercial and industrial fields have long been limited by thermoelectric conversion efficiency. The continuous improvement of thermoelectric performance and the strive to increase the power output under the same heat source are the key foci in thermoelectric technology. Many efforts have been dedicated to improving thermoelectric efficiency, which is a very challenging task because of the strongly correlated properties involved in thermoelectrics. Efforts to boost thermoelectric efficiency focus on two aspects. The first approach focuses on improving electric performance while not affecting thermal transport. The second approach focuses on suppressing thermal transport while not affecting electric properties. All methods for boosting thermoelectric efficiency include designing or searching for novel materials with excellent properties, especially low-dimensional materials, and regulating performance via techniques such as strain engineering, doping, nanostructuring, and so on. Significant progress has been made in the past few years and thermoelectric efficiency has been largely improved. Future studies are expected to improve thermoelectric efficiency even

This book presents a comprehensive overview of the progress made in thermoelectrics over the past few years with a focus on charge and heat carrier transport from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints. It also presents new strategies to improve thermoelectricity. In addition, the book discusses device physics and

applications to guide the research community.

and saving energy.

further.
