Section 2 Gasification

*Gasification*

115-122.

[46] López, A., I. De Marco, B. Caballero, M. Laresgoiti, and A. Adrados, Dechlorination of fuels in pyrolysis of PVC containing plastic wastes. Fuel Processing Technology,

[47] Paradela, F., F. Pinto, I. Gulyurtlu, I. Cabrita, and N. Lapa, Study of the co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic wastes. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2009. 11(1): p.

[48] Huang, L., C. Xie, J. Liu, X. Zhang, K. Chang, J. Kuo, J. Sun, W. Xie, L. Zheng, and S. Sun, Influence of catalysts on co-combustion of sewage sludge and water hyacinth blends as determined by TG-MS analysis. Bioresource technology, 2018. 247: p. 217-225.

2011. 92(2): p. 253-260.

**82**

**Chapter 4**

**Abstract**

energy.

**1. Introduction**

history, and even before [2].

unity of product achieved.

**85**

issue. Therefore, this is today the problem to tackle.

Chemical Carbon and Hydrogen

Gasification: The Methanol Route

*Alessia Borgogna, Gaetano Iaquaniello, Annarita Salladini,*

A large amount of valuable Carbon and Hydrogen is lost in the disposal of the non-recyclable fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) – particularly unsorted waste fraction and plastics residue from mechanical recycle process. The waste-tochemical technology allows to exploit the components entrapped in the nonrecyclable waste by converting it into new chemicals. The core of waste-to-chemical technology is the gasification process, which is designed to convert waste into a valuable syngas to be used as example for methanol production. Waste to methanol schemes allow to achieve significant environmental and economic benefits, which can be further intensified within the scenario of increasing share of renewable

By now, it is undeniable the (negative) impact that human activities have on environmental and climate conditions. The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has reached 415 ppm [1]; a value which has no comparison throughout mankind

The discrepancy between the rate at which humans consume fossil resources and the earth's capability of absorbing emitted carbon and reproducing natural carbon resources is glaring [3]; and it represents the rationale behind the climate change

To such end, three conceptual typologies of intervention can be identified. Reducing the emissions deriving from human activities; resorting to different (renewable) carbon sources; directly helping the planet absorb CO2 in excess. These three interventions do not exclude one another – i.e., they can be deployed simultaneously. As a matter of fact, every kind of contributions may result essential to avoiding reaching the point of no return in relation to earth's climate change.

As for the first type of intervention, emissions can be abated by directly reduc-

ing our consumption. This can be achieved by limiting the use of throwaway material; by applying sharing and sustainable mobility [4]; by increasing environmental efficiency of each productive process – i.e., limiting the emissions of CO2 per

**Keywords:** Waste gasification, carbon recycle, methanol, hydrogen

Recycle through Waste

*Emanuela Agostini and Mirko Boccacci*

## **Chapter 4**
