**3. Impact of emerging agricultural contaminants on global warming**

The three important greenhouse gases (Methane, Carbon dioxide and Nitrous oxide) are not harmful in naturally occurring quantities for their atmospheric presence helps in sustaining life on the planet when they trap heat energy near the surface of the earth. Concentration of greenhouse gases from both the natural and human factors have been increasing and contributing to Global Warming and Climate Change.

Increase in greenhouse gases may cause tremendous changes to our civilization positively or negatively but the total impact is uncertain. Climate change comes as a result of a warming planet which can affect the weather adversely in many ways. So, as climate changes, extreme weather activities release severe threats on human society. Indicators of global warming include ocean heat content, sea ice, sea level, sea surface temperature, temperature over ocean, temperature over land, tropospheric temperature, snow cover on hills, temperature over land and humidity. It is expected that climate change may cause more floods, storms, droughts, heatwaves and other extreme weathers activities. IPCC estimated that temp may rise from 2 to 6°C within 2021 [4].

Industrial Agriculture is one of the causes of climate change with the practices having impact on it. The currently practiced industrial agriculture with Agrochemicals and monocultures globally is a key contributor to climate change for it causes the emission of Green House Gases (GHG) via changes in land use and soil degradation or losses, via technologies in agriculture and from livestock [17].

According to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Livestock production sector as the major emitter of all the greenhouse gases is responsible for about 18% on one fifth of human-induced greenhouse gas emissions [18]. For instance, in almost every step of egg, meat and milk production in agriculture, greenhouse gases that cause climate change are released into the atmosphere disturbing temperature, weather and health of ecosystem. Mitigating these problems will require changes in agricultural practices and livestock consumption.

Livestock Production as one of the Agricultural food-based industries has been described as leading or major contributor of the anthropogenic source of CH4 and CO2 greenhouse gases [19]. They contribute immensely to global warming, pollution and environmental degradation because of the large amount of greenhouse gases produced during the ruminal fermentation of feeds. For instance, anytime a cow burps or passes out gas, it puffs out a little methane which wafts into the atmosphere. Each of these puffs from the cow put together can result to a big effect on climate because methane as a potent greenhouse gas is about 25 times more powerful in trapping heat and increasing earth's global warming than Carbon dioxide on equal mass basis. The livestock sector therefore accounts for about 18% of CH4 and 9% of CO2 of all the greenhouse gases emissions [20] hence methane accounts for 50–60% of emitted gases during livestock production [21]. A lot of proposals have been focused on soil and plant production for the reduction of emission from agriculture leaving livestock production which accounts for major amounts of CH4, N2O, CO2 and NH3 emissions.

Several gases cause chemical reactions that can result in producing other greenhouse gases among other effects and some trap heat energy better than others. Considering the lifetime of greenhouse gases, some persist in the atmosphere for different durations of time and some contribute to global warming due to their long duration [22].
