**3.5 Synthetic waxes and oil-gas industry**

According to Essel et al. [23] synthetic waxes are scrutinized as primary microplastics. They are used in dyeing, food coating, as lubricants and also in processing of plastics. Synthetic waxes are also used to coat papers they are extensively operative in textile processing by providing smoother surface. Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFR) is used for drilling purpose. Drilling fluids composed of microbeads, used in oil-gas industry [19, 32]. This chemical gets directly discharge into the oceans, contributing to microplastics accumulation.

## **3.6 Plastic pellets manufactures**

Pellets are the primary form of many plastics around 2.55 mm in diameter. These pellets are used to generate plastic products. These pellets, spherules contribute to 79.4% of total plastic debris in the water of river Danube [33, 34]. According to Dhodapkar et al. [35], in addition to pellets, plastic dust also gets accumulated during manufacturing process or generated due to relocation and transportation [20]. Pellets contain certain perilous additives like plasticizers and flame retardants that promote the eco toxicity. These additives mixed prior to the production or added during conversion. These pellets are often termed as nibs and nurdles [19].
