**Acknowledgements**

*Emerging Contaminants*

United States [52].

*and the free availability is a serious issue."*

*"All pesticide intoxication incidents reported before were intentional suicide cases among teenagers and youths in their early twenties. Most of suicidal cases resort to the hospital when they reach the brink of death. Symptoms experienced by patients are vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, breathing difficulties, uncontrollable defecation and too much fluid around the lungs. The antidote usually given in these cases is atropine as it rapidly dries up the body and reduces secretions. In the case of total respiratory failure, patients are treated in the intensive care units with the help of a machine that helps them breathe properly. There is a limited number of these machines in the hospital and the patient might pass away in the case of all the machines being occupied. Besides, when the farmers experience slight symptoms of pesticide intoxication, they resort to nurses living in the same residential area, which results in misdiagnosing the cases properly due to nurses' lacking the adequate experience. In addition, there is a poor registration system in general, and registration only matters for patients. All highly toxic pesticides should be officially banned* 

Documents associated with pesticide intoxication were all reviewed in the Referral Hospital. The employee in the registration room reported that the ICD 10 system is the one that has been implemented for a long time now (more than 10 years) and to this present date. This system was implemented by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993 to replace ICD-9, which was developed by the WHO in the 1970s. ICD-10 is used in almost every country in the world, except the

The employee also clarified that the registration system is not really efficient and the Ethiopian government will develop and start using its own system soon; however, only 56 cases of poisoning were officially registered in the past two years and labeled as poisoned due to unspecified drugs and biological substances. Therefore, data inserted in the system found to be not properly categorized, and the exact number of pesticide intoxication cases and intentional suicide trials among farmers and their families is unknown. This finding is in line with what the physician in the Referral Hospital declared about the poor registration system. However, the poor categorization of disease causals might be due to the registrars' lack of awareness about the importance of the accuracy of these numbers which are definitely a solid

clue for the authorities to check the improvement of their performance.

line with the study of [14] that was previously conducted.

**4. Conclusion and recommendations**

The finding of this study regarding the registration of pesticide intoxication cases among farmers in Finchawa and Tullo rural kebeles found to be poor and in

In conclusion, there is no gap of communication between farmers, and their authorities, as answers from both parties were perfectly matched. Statistically, the level of knowledge among the sample participants was found to be on average and was reflected in their field practices. However, while going into deeper details to address the presented and absent areas of knowledge among the participants, it was revealed that they were knowledgeable about the daily tasks that should be performed in the field, while the information about the effect of pesticides on the environment, on humans especially in the long-term, as well as the dermal route of exposure, were absent. Accordingly, the knowledge that farmers acquired from their experience, practices, field training and daily observations were insufficient to fill the hiatus of knowledge that is known to be obtained from the accumulation of information through education, and this was the gap that hindered farmers from

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Main advisor Dr. Daniel Fitamo. Co-advisor Prof. Solomon Sora. Statistical Analysis: Mr. Bereket Mekonenn.

### **Author details**

Lana MHD Jamal Alshalati Hawassa University, Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia

\*Address all correspondence to: lshalati82@gmail.com

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
