**1. Introduction**

Membrane processes, including Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis, are widely used for the treatment of water and wastewater. Main advantage of these processes are well known operational conditions and wide application areas. But, main disadvantage of these processes is concentrate management. Mainly high amount of salt content in concentrate stream is limiting the discharge of these streams to water bodies.

Starting from evaporation to ion exchange, most of these processes transfer the pollutants from one phase to other phase. It means more concentrated streams can be created from these processes. Therefore, applicable and valuable product production techniques are urgently needed for membrane concentrates. Electrodialysis Bipolar Membrane (EDBM) Processes are promising technique for the disposal of membrane concentrates.

EDBM technique has too many advantages against other techniques such as, valuable product formation and low cost operation. On the other hand, there is still great limitations on application point such as limited company production, alkali element fouling on membranes, high capital cost etc.,

Briefly, technological opportunities may solve the application disadvantages of EDBM processes in near future. In this chapter, principles and potentials of EDBM processes are discussed.
