**Acknowledgements**

*Electrodialysis*

5 Total dissolved

8 Total Kjeldahl

solids

nitrogen

**Sr.no. Parameters Feeda Permeate** 

**Ultrafiltration Reverse osmosis**

 Appearance Clear Clear Clear Muddy pH 7.7. 7.7 6.0 7.8 Alkalinity 345(±15.2) 325(±14.1) 12(±1.4) 1100(±51.7) Suspended solids 22(±1.6) ND ND ND

6 COD 120(±1.6) 20(±1.2) ND 68(±2.3) 7 BOD 20(±1.2) 3(±1.2) ND 11(±1.2)

 Phosphate 1.1(±0.08) 0.066(±0.05) ND 0.22 (±0.06) Sulphides 1.6(±0.20) ND ND ND Oil and grease 1.4(±0.20) <1(±0.1) ND 3.3(±0.40) Chlorides 494(±29.1) 483(±28.4) 12(±0.80) 1653(±97.8) Calcium 330(±11.1) 325(±11.0) 3(±1.1) 1125(±112.90) Magnesium 164(±14.6) 143(±12.7) 2(±0.60) 493(±42.5) Sulphate 350(±37.0) 307(±32.7) ND 1070(±114.1) Sodium 289(±14.0) 264(±12.9) 3(±0.9) 917(±122.9) Potassium 15(±2.00) <1(±0.20) ˂1(±0.20) 1(±0.200)

**from**

**Concentrate from**

2234(±57.7) 2196 (±53.0) 40(±1.8) 7584(±195.4)

ND ND ND ND

**Reverse osmosis**

**88**

clusters [33].

*a*

**Table 1.**

**12. Conclusion**

(ATP) (**Figure 3** and **Table 1**).

metals Pb (0.33 mg/L), Cr (0.021 mg/L), Zn (0.54 mg/L), Ni (0.00 mg/L) and Cd (0.02 mg/L) will be cleaned after membrane based advance treatment processes

*All values are expressed in mg/L except pH; values in parenthesis are standard deviation; ND: not detectable.*

*Tertiary treated effluent from feed tank of ATP, Source: Nandy et al. [32].*

*Efficacy assessment of advance treatment processes (ATP) after primary treatment.*

The Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) in Maheshtala cluster with advanced method of treatment containing of primary, secondary treatment, ultra-filtration and membrane based reverse osmosis, comparatively energyefficient membrane based crystallization and distillation units and evaporation would yield premier quality water maintaining the qualifying standards of Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi, India for industrial areas/

The CETP plants can thus save surface and ground water from depletion and degradation. Transfer of contaminants to agri-horticulture produces through the food chain would be curtailed and thus human health risk would be minimized. The entire treatment and reusing of treated water will help to preserve 2000 MLD groundwater in the cluster area to save water and save life as the entire world is

moving towards water paucity due to climate change.

The author thank to the students and teachers specially Sri Jayanta Kumar Biswas, Associate Professor, Department of Ecological Studies and International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India for his guidance, cooperation and utilizing infrastructure and laboratories for the study.

The author did not receive any kind of funding from Government or any other non-government agencies.
