**10. Method**

Samples were collected from different units in the study area at regular intervals during 2012–2013. Samples brought to the laboratory where they were analyzed using the standard method defined and suggested by American Public health Association (APHA, 1998). Temperature and pH were calculated by a mercury thermometer having scale from 0–100°C and with digital movable pH meter respectively at site. Total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity and turbidity were ascertained by Water Quality Analyzer PE- 371 (Systronic). Alkalinity of samples was calibrated by titrametric method. For analysis of COD, samples were stabilized by acidifying with H2SO4 below 2 and it was evaluated by dichromate titration method (APHA, 1998). The concentration of nitrate in the samples was ascertained by UV spectro photometric screening method with Zuconyl indicator. Sodium, potassium and calcium were calculated by Flame-photometric method. Heavy metal samples were analyzed after filtration by Whatman filter–paper no. 40 and then acidified samples were digested with concentrated HNO3 (0.1%) acid. The metal ions were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (OMA 300 process analyzer).

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**Figure 3.**

*CEPT PROSS flow chart: 500 MLD capacity.*

*Toxic Effluent Treatment by Membrane Based Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis…*

The value of pH indicates the effluent before treatment is alkaline, substantial

chemicals and dyes in solid form available in TDS, and trace metal concentration indicates that the raw effluent is hazardous for ecological systems in the region and required immediate treatment. The physicochemical parameters of wastewater generated from the bleaching and dyeing units after primary treatment found under limits as pH (7.7), BOD (20 mg/L), COD (120 mg/L), TDS (2234 mg/L), TSS (22 mg/L) by WHO (2003) and FAO (1985) [28–31] and trace

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92812*

**11. Results and discussion**

*Toxic Effluent Treatment by Membrane Based Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92812*
