**4.1 Creative business process structure and functionality**

The business processes denoted as **Cultural Heritage Creation** and **Cultural Heritage Management** create an integral part of any Cultural and Historical Process (hereinafter known as CHP Process). The CHP process seems to be a core business process (BP), when considering the data transfer from creative BP to micro and macro business processes.<sup>4</sup> However, the term cultural and historical process consists of two relatively individual main processes denoted as **culture** and **history** as well, while the cultural heritage seems to be an important output related to both above-mentioned processes. When looking at literary resources, you might find many semantic interpretations related to those terms [3].

In general, the business processes denoted as **Cultural Heritage Creation** and **Cultural Heritage Management** are affected by three types of economic processes: (a) **macroeconomic processes,** (b) **microeconomic processes**, and (c) **creative economics processes**. A need of the cultural heritage creation and management is being derived based on *macroeconomic* processes and might be interpreted as a *public order or demand* and it creates basis for appropriate resources procurement. On the other hand, the *microeconomic processes* might initiate a process of the cultural heritage creation and that processes is running within actual firm or company and are represented by its own vertical and horizontal structure, metrics and information support as well, while those aspects determinate its functionality and performance. The third group of business processes is closely related to **creative economics**. However, the culture heritage creation and management data and information are being transferred to appropriate microprocesses and macroprocesses subsequently [3].

environment to macroprocesses and are denoted as **sensors.** On the other hand, the second linguistic set contains elements, which provide transfer of signals from macroprocesses to external environment denoted as **effectors**. However, a content of the above-mentioned linguistic sets is being transferred **microeconomy** and **creative economy** business processes (CE Processes) as well, while appropriate business strategy KPI indicators and parameters for setting of adequate business process metrics items, which could enable fulfillment of business strategy goals and aims, are being generated However, the data transfer from creative economy to macroeconomic process (MAC Processes) is important as well, while the

*Operations Management - Emerging Trend in the Digital Era*

microeconomy business processes (MIC Processes) play a role of go-between elements for both directions of transfer too. On the other hand, the chapter deals with the DTS System<sup>1</sup> structure, functionality description as well as conceptual, design and implementation model too, where appropriate networks play a role of principle

The presented chapter is divided into nine sub-chapters, where the first two of then deal with economic system and economic object and contain a brief description of macroprocesses (MAC Process), microprocesses (MIC Processes) and creative economy (CE) processes, where the process denoted as Cultural Heritage Creation and Management plays a role of principle importance (see also Section 4) and the DTS System plays a role of the core process and is being discussed within Sections 5 and 6. However, the DTS System provides a bi-directional data transfer as well, while the first transfer direction is getting started from CE processes to MAC and the second one starts from MAC and is finished at CE Processes as well (see also Sections 7 and 8), while the MIC Processes play a role of the data transfer mediator. The chapter is being closed by Section 9, which deals with DTS System implementation aspects, while an appropriate economic network seems to be a

principal facility applied for those purposes (see also Section 9).

The creative economy creates an integral part of standardized economy represented by micro and macroeconomic processes implemented and operated within adequate economic system and object, while any firm or company is considered to be the economic object. On the other hand, any economic object might be identified with managed, management system and information system while any system is represented by external and internal structure and between both structure types exists a zone denoted as a **grey zone**, where a set of sensors and effectors is located. The sensors provide transfer of signals from external environment to the investigated system internal structure, and the effectors provide signal transfer from the investigated system internal structure to external

The Data Transfer System (hereinafter as DTS System) *external structure* is represented by set of social and economic processes surrounding any *creative econ-*

business processes closely related to cultural heritage creation and management in most cases, while the DTS internal structure also is represented by microprocesses,

which play a role of intermediate element between creative processes and

<sup>2</sup> The creative economy system creates an integral part of the DTS system internal structure.

<sup>2</sup> while an appropriate creative economy system consists of pre-defined

**2. Economic system and economic object**

importance.

environment [1].

macroprocesses.

<sup>1</sup> DTS System–Data Transfer System.

*omy system*,

**98**

<sup>3</sup> Those resources represent a decisive input import by macroeconomic processes, first. They might be of material, financial, or intellectual nature.

<sup>4</sup> The terms process and business process have the same semantic meaning within that chapter.

On one hand, the Cultural Heritage Creation and Cultural Heritage Management processes are running within different cultural institutions and organizations, while museums and galleries play a role of principal importance there and should be managed. There might be applied conventional and advanced approaches to Cultural Heritage Management. There might be applied various advanced approaches, while one of them can be based on Knowledge Management. This approach has been applied, when preparing the exhibition *Uchovávanie sveta* (Preserving the World) installed in the Slovak National Gallery (SNG) from 16 December 2015 to 28 February 2016. The project was the first larger attempt to exploit digitized art collections systematically and massively in CEDVU – Central Evidence of Visual Art Items – the outcome of the national project *Digital Gallery* funded by European Union Operational program Information Society

festival) to semi-permanent regional cluster and industry [6]. However, the abovementioned description creates a good basis for further research with DTS System as well, while many of those aspects are being applied and developed within Section 7

*System of Data Transfer from and to Social and Economic Processes via Creative Economy…*

**4.3 Creative business process linguistic modelling: structure and functionality**

The Business Process Linguistic Modelling (hereinafter known as the BPLM approach) is working with the use of semantic networks and so-called reference

A structure and functionality of any BP might be described via TNL text, which consists of common logical sentences, while any logical sentence consists of text strings [Ts (I, j)] i = 1 … .n, (serial number of logical sentence contained within TNL text) and j = 1 … .m1 (serial number of the text string contained within logical

Each text strings Ts (I, j) has its own semantic meaning assigned via [Tsem (i, j)],

The {Word (i, j)} set represents linguistic representation facility denoted as the

• [Ts (i, j)] – which contains text strings being created as a result of the first stage related to TNL text content semantic analysis, however those strings have not yet adequate semantic meaning and they might be of a text or numeric

• However, they get it after assignment of adequate text string selected from semantic dictionary quantified via [Tsem (i, j)] subset as well. while the [Tsem

• After unification of both subsets with respect to formula (1) a final content of the {Word (i, j)} = {[glass melt temperature, 1500 centigrade], {[ glass melt

• A content of [Tsem (i, j)] is created by linguistic variable items and a content of [Ts (i, j)] is created by linguistic variable values. Therefore, the {Word (i, j)}

However, we need an appropriate set such words, to describe any business process (Pe) structure functionality, while the {Pe (i, j)} set might be applied for those purposes. Because, the words quantified via sets represented by formulas (1)– (3) and they have a linguistic character, they will be considered to be linguistic sets and they will be applied business process (Pe) structure functionality. It means, the {Pe (i, j)} might be approximated via {Words (i, j)} set and formula (4) might be

(i, j)] subset content is represented so that Tsem (i, j)] = [glass melt

nature, e.g. [Ts (i, j)] = [1500 centigrade, IA poise, 25 grams]

temperature, glass melt viscosity, glass melt quantity].

temperature, IA poise], {[glass melt quantity, 25 grams]}

is denoted as the linguistic set.

f g¼ Word i, j ð Þ f g ½ � Ts i, j ð Þ , Tsem i, j ½ � ð Þ (1) f g Words i, j ð Þ ¼ Π f g Word i, j ð Þ (2) f g Words i, j ð Þ ⊂f g TNLtext i, j ð Þ (3)

databases, while is based on two principle issues [20]: *Issue no. 1 Linguistic Representation of BP Functions*

linguistic set, while its content is created by two subsets:

while formulas (1)–(3) might be postulated

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94006*

of that chapter.

sentence).

Where

postulated

**101**

The success of the exhibition revealed that digitized art can be efficiently and effectively combined with presentations of original artefacts and bring synergy effects highly appreciated by its audience. The paper represents an attempt to make relevant conclusions from this experiment that might help to organizers to build similar innovative events in the future [4].

## **4.2 A taxonomy of performance dimensions and levels of analysis in the creative industries**

A taxonomy of performance closely related to Creative Economy identifies three fundamental forms of capital observable in the financial assets, access to liquidity or monetary income of its owner. On the other hand, the cultural capital manifests itself as long lasting dispositions for ownership of academic knowledge, skills, cultural goods as well, while the social capital is defined as the resources accumulated through belonging to durable network of institutionalized relationships. The symbolic capital transcends economic, cultural, and social capital as a form of prestige bestowed upon its owner based on recognition of her legitimate competence and authority [5–9].

The above-mentioned four categories are closely related to performance in the creative industries. All creative industries display a significant ration of "symbolic content" to functional usage, which also varies from one to the next. As a result of that, the creative outcomes derive a large part of their value from subjective experiences that rely heavily on using symbols to manipulate emotions and perceptions [10–12]. Cultural goods are non-material goods directed to public of consumers, for whom they generally serve as an aesthetic or expressive rather than clearly utilitarian function [6, 11, 13–16].

Economic, cultural, and social capitals are all reflected in the following three core dimensions of performance in the creative industries: commercial performance, artistic merit, and social impact. The first two core dimensions, commercial performance and artistic merit represent key components of creative industry performance research [11, 17, 18]. However, those components usually have long and short term nature Whilst the former directly reflects the notion of national capital, the latter is close in its definition to that of "symbolic cultural capital" as the capacity to define and legitimize cultural and artistic values, standards and styles" [6, 19].

This taxonomy is hereby applied to all relevant levels of performance analysis in the creative industries. They create two distinct categories within existing literature. The first is being focused on creative production processes and investigates roles and contributions of the individual worker, the creative project team and the creative group assigned to this process. The second deals with creative outcome, its distribution and consumption. It examines the creative project, the creative organization, and the creative network of organizations from one-off event (e.g. an annual *System of Data Transfer from and to Social and Economic Processes via Creative Economy… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94006*

festival) to semi-permanent regional cluster and industry [6]. However, the abovementioned description creates a good basis for further research with DTS System as well, while many of those aspects are being applied and developed within Section 7 of that chapter.

### **4.3 Creative business process linguistic modelling: structure and functionality**

The Business Process Linguistic Modelling (hereinafter known as the BPLM approach) is working with the use of semantic networks and so-called reference databases, while is based on two principle issues [20]:

*Issue no. 1 Linguistic Representation of BP Functions*

A structure and functionality of any BP might be described via TNL text, which consists of common logical sentences, while any logical sentence consists of text strings [Ts (I, j)] i = 1 … .n, (serial number of logical sentence contained within TNL text) and j = 1 … .m1 (serial number of the text string contained within logical sentence).

Each text strings Ts (I, j) has its own semantic meaning assigned via [Tsem (i, j)], while formulas (1)–(3) might be postulated

$$\{\text{Word } (\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j})\} = \{ [\text{Ts } (\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j})], [\text{Tsem } (\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j})] \} \tag{1}$$

$$\{\text{Words}\,(\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j})\} = \Pi \left\{\text{Words}\,(\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j})\right\} \tag{2}$$

$$\{\text{Words}\,(\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j})\} \subset \{\text{TNL text}\,(\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j})\} \tag{3}$$

Where

On one hand, the Cultural Heritage Creation and Cultural Heritage Management processes are running within different cultural institutions and organizations, while museums and galleries play a role of principal importance there and should be managed. There might be applied conventional and advanced approaches to Cultural Heritage Management. There might be applied various advanced approaches, while one of them can be based on Knowledge Management. This approach has been applied, when preparing the exhibition *Uchovávanie sveta* (Preserving the World) installed in the Slovak National Gallery (SNG) from 16 December 2015 to 28 February 2016. The project was the first larger attempt to exploit digitized art collections systematically and massively in CEDVU – Central Evidence of Visual Art Items – the outcome of the national project *Digital Gallery* funded by European

The success of the exhibition revealed that digitized art can be efficiently and effectively combined with presentations of original artefacts and bring synergy effects highly appreciated by its audience. The paper represents an attempt to make relevant conclusions from this experiment that might help to organizers to build

A taxonomy of performance closely related to Creative Economy identifies three fundamental forms of capital observable in the financial assets, access to liquidity or monetary income of its owner. On the other hand, the cultural capital manifests itself as long lasting dispositions for ownership of academic knowledge, skills, cultural goods as well, while the social capital is defined as the resources accumulated through belonging to durable network of institutionalized relationships. The symbolic capital transcends economic, cultural, and social capital as a form of prestige bestowed upon its owner based on recognition of her legitimate compe-

The above-mentioned four categories are closely related to performance in the creative industries. All creative industries display a significant ration of "symbolic content" to functional usage, which also varies from one to the next. As a result of that, the creative outcomes derive a large part of their value from subjective experiences that rely heavily on using symbols to manipulate emotions and perceptions [10–12]. Cultural goods are non-material goods directed to public of consumers, for whom they generally serve as an aesthetic or expressive rather than clearly utilitar-

Economic, cultural, and social capitals are all reflected in the following three core

This taxonomy is hereby applied to all relevant levels of performance analysis in the creative industries. They create two distinct categories within existing literature. The first is being focused on creative production processes and investigates roles and contributions of the individual worker, the creative project team and the creative group assigned to this process. The second deals with creative outcome, its distribution and consumption. It examines the creative project, the creative organization, and the creative network of organizations from one-off event (e.g. an annual

dimensions of performance in the creative industries: commercial performance, artistic merit, and social impact. The first two core dimensions, commercial performance and artistic merit represent key components of creative industry performance research [11, 17, 18]. However, those components usually have long and short term nature Whilst the former directly reflects the notion of national capital, the latter is close in its definition to that of "symbolic cultural capital" as the capacity to define

and legitimize cultural and artistic values, standards and styles" [6, 19].

**4.2 A taxonomy of performance dimensions and levels of analysis in the**

Union Operational program Information Society

*Operations Management - Emerging Trend in the Digital Era*

similar innovative events in the future [4].

**creative industries**

tence and authority [5–9].

ian function [6, 11, 13–16].

**100**

The {Word (i, j)} set represents linguistic representation facility denoted as the linguistic set, while its content is created by two subsets:


However, we need an appropriate set such words, to describe any business process (Pe) structure functionality, while the {Pe (i, j)} set might be applied for those purposes. Because, the words quantified via sets represented by formulas (1)– (3) and they have a linguistic character, they will be considered to be linguistic sets and they will be applied business process (Pe) structure functionality. It means, the {Pe (i, j)} might be approximated via {Words (i, j)} set and formula (4) might be postulated

$$\{\text{Pe } (\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j})\} \approx \{\text{Words } (\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j})\} \tag{4}$$

set elements represent BP functionality secondary products and formula (10) might

*System of Data Transfer from and to Social and Economic Processes via Creative Economy…*

Formulas (9)–(11) create basis of Principle Businesses Process Linguistic Modeling Equation (hereinafter known as PBPL Equation [21]. This equation has an endless number of solutions and any of them is closely related to the actual problem

The transformation operands play an important role when providing conversion of process inputs into pre-defined outputs and might be quantified adequate linguistic sets {[TOP1 (i, j1)]}, {[TOP2 (i, j2)]} [22]. A linguistic set denoted as {[TOP1 (i, j1)]} is a set, the elements of which contain data concerned with the *transforma-*

A business metric is any type of measurement used to gauge some quantifiable component of a company's performance, such as return on investment (ROI), employee and customer churn rates, revenues, and EBITDA. Business metrics are part of the broad arena of business intelligence, which comprises a wide variety of applications and technologies for gathering, storing, analyzing, and providing

The core parts of metrics include: (a) measurement units, (b) reporting period (c) reporting frequency, (d) the current value of the metric with the latest data, (e) previous values of metrics and (f) trend – this is the change in value over time

On one hand, the business provided in any firm or company is identified by a set of business processes, which are running there. On the other hand, any business process (BP) is represented by its own vertical and horizontal structure, while both structure types might be quantified via adequate linguistic sets and the {Pe (i, j)} linguistic set consists of two subsets {Pe1 (i, j1)} and {Pe2 (i, j2)}. The {Pe1 (i, j1)} linguistic set consists of further subordinated set {[TOP1 (i, j1)]} concerned with BP transformation operands and {[TOP2 (i, j2)]} one is concerned with business

However, the {Pe2 (i, j2)} linguistic set is concerned with business process metrics issues as well, while two types of BP metrics might be postulated:

*tion functions* and [TOP2 (i, j2)] is a set, the elements of which contain data concerned with the *transformation tools.* However, the transformation functions contain the following elements: (a) inspiration, (b) definition, (c) research, (d) production, (e) approval, and (f) realization as well, while the transformation tools are represented by: (a) words, images and sound effect, (b) drawings, (c) concep-

access to data to help enterprise users make better business decisions.

when comparing it with the actual value to previous values<sup>7</sup> [24].

**4.4 Business process transformation operands and metrics**

*4.4.1 Business process transformation operands*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94006*

tual models and (d) implantation models [3].

*4.4.2 Business process metrics*

process transformation tools.

**103**

<sup>7</sup> IT Manager's Guide Metrics TechExcel [23].

f g Res2 i, j ð Þ" ¼ fTbex i, j ð Þ "' ⊗ fRetx i, j ð Þ "" (10)

f g Res2 i, j ð Þ" ¼ f g Res1 i, j ð Þ" (11)

be postulated

and

area solution.

{Pe (i, j)} – is a linguistic set, which quantifies a business process closely related to linguistic variable items and values contained in the {Words (i, j)} linguistic sets.

On the other hand, any business horizontal structure is being created by set functions, which generate pre-defined outputs based on appropriate inputs, while formula might be postulated

$$\{\text{Pe (i, j)}\}\quad = \{\text{[F1 (i, j)]}, \,\,[\text{F2(i, j)}]\dots[\text{Fn (i, j)}]\}\quad = \,\,\,\Pi[\text{F\_k(i, j)}]\tag{5}$$

However, those functions may be described via {Words (i, j)} linguistic sets as well, while formula (6) can be postulated

$$\forall \text{[Fk (i, j)]} \exists \{ \text{Wordsk (i, j)} \} \Rightarrow [\text{Fk (i, j)}] = \{ \text{Wordsk (i, j)} \} \tag{6}$$

It means, any business process (BP) function can be approximated via set of words, which creates an integral part of TNL text. This is the first important principle of BP modeling linguistic approach. However, there is the second important issue as well Any BP function set consists of three principal subsets [Object (i, j)], [Action (i, j)] and [Result (i, j)] see also formula (7)

f g ½ � Fk i, j ð Þ ¼ f g ½ � Object i, j ð Þ , Action i, j ½ � ð Þ , Result i, j ½ � ð Þ (7)

and the [Action (i, j)] set elements "are responsible for" generation of predefined BP outputs based on appropriate BP inputs. The [Object (i, j)] subset elements provide interconnection to BP input set and the [Result (i, j)] subset elements provide interconnection to BP output set.

*Issue No. 2 Linguistic Representation of BP Outputs and Inputs*

In general, no BP can generate required pre-defined outputs without appropriate inputs. As a result of that, they must be defined and quantified very precisely. Because of considering the BP modeling linguistic approach, they have to be postulated via linguistic sets as well, denoted as {Petx (i, j')}, where i = 1 … n and has the same meaning like in the case of BP linguistic sets and j' is a serial number of linguistic subset {Petx (i, j')}<sup>5</sup> consists of (see also formula (8))

$$\{\text{Petx (i,j')}\} = \{ [\text{Petx (i,1)}], [\text{Petx (i,2)}], [\text{Petx (i,m2)}] \} \tag{8}$$

When applying business process {Pe (i, j)}<sup>6</sup> linguistic set to {Petx (i, j')} linguistic set, with respect to formulas (9)–(11), we can get adequate BP functionality results in form of {Res1 (i, j")} set

$$\{\text{Petx } (\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j}')\} \otimes \{\text{Pe } (\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j})\} = \{\text{Res1 } (\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j}'')\} \tag{9}$$

where j" =1 … m3

However, the {Res1 (i, j")} linguistic set represents two type of business process outputs: primary and secondary outputs, while the {Tbex (i, j"') linguistic set elements represent BP functionality primary products and {Retx (i, j"") linguistic

<sup>5</sup> The {Petx (i, j') linguistic set contains elements closely related to BP inputs.

<sup>6</sup> The {Pe (i, j)} – linguistic set contains elements closely related to BP transformation operands and BP metrics.

*System of Data Transfer from and to Social and Economic Processes via Creative Economy… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94006*

set elements represent BP functionality secondary products and formula (10) might be postulated

$$\{\text{Res2}\left(\mathbf{i},\mathbf{j}^{\prime\prime}\right)\} = \{\text{Thex}\left(\mathbf{i},\mathbf{j}^{\prime\prime\prime}\right) \otimes \{\text{Retx}\left(\mathbf{i},\mathbf{j}^{\prime\prime\prime}\right)\}\tag{10}$$

and

f g Pe i, j ð Þ ≈f g Words i, j ð Þ (4)

m k ¼ 1

(5)

{Pe (i, j)} – is a linguistic set, which quantifies a business process closely related to linguistic variable items and values contained in the {Words (i, j)} linguistic sets. On the other hand, any business horizontal structure is being created by set functions, which generate pre-defined outputs based on appropriate inputs, while

f g Pe i, j ð Þ ¼ f g ½ � F1 i, j ð Þ , F2 i, j ½ � ð Þ … *:*½ � Fn i, j ð Þ ¼ Π½ � Fkð Þ i, j

However, those functions may be described via {Words (i, j)} linguistic sets as

It means, any business process (BP) function can be approximated via set of words, which creates an integral part of TNL text. This is the first important principle of BP modeling linguistic approach. However, there is the second important issue as well Any BP function set consists of three principal subsets [Object

and the [Action (i, j)] set elements "are responsible for" generation of predefined BP outputs based on appropriate BP inputs. The [Object (i, j)] subset elements provide interconnection to BP input set and the [Result (i, j)] subset

In general, no BP can generate required pre-defined outputs without appropriate

When applying business process {Pe (i, j)}<sup>6</sup> linguistic set to {Petx (i, j')} linguis-

However, the {Res1 (i, j")} linguistic set represents two type of business process

<sup>6</sup> The {Pe (i, j)} – linguistic set contains elements closely related to BP transformation operands and BP

tic set, with respect to formulas (9)–(11), we can get adequate BP functionality

outputs: primary and secondary outputs, while the {Tbex (i, j"') linguistic set elements represent BP functionality primary products and {Retx (i, j"") linguistic

inputs. As a result of that, they must be defined and quantified very precisely. Because of considering the BP modeling linguistic approach, they have to be postulated via linguistic sets as well, denoted as {Petx (i, j')}, where i = 1 … n and has the same meaning like in the case of BP linguistic sets and j' is a serial number of

∀½ � Fk i, j ð Þ ∃f g Wordsk i, j ð Þ ) ½ �¼ Fk i, j ð Þ f g Wordsk i, j ð Þ (6)

f g ½ � Fk i, j ð Þ ¼ f g ½ � Object i, j ð Þ , Action i, j ½ � ð Þ , Result i, j ½ � ð Þ (7)

f g Petx i, j ð Þ' ¼ f g ½ � Petx i, 1 ð Þ , Petx i, 2 ½ � ð Þ , Petx i, m2 ½ � ð Þ (8)

f g Petx i, j ð Þ' ⊗ f g Pe i, j ð Þ ¼ f g Res1 i, j ð Þ" (9)

formula might be postulated

well, while formula (6) can be postulated

*Operations Management - Emerging Trend in the Digital Era*

(i, j)], [Action (i, j)] and [Result (i, j)] see also formula (7)

*Issue No. 2 Linguistic Representation of BP Outputs and Inputs*

linguistic subset {Petx (i, j')}<sup>5</sup> consists of (see also formula (8))

<sup>5</sup> The {Petx (i, j') linguistic set contains elements closely related to BP inputs.

elements provide interconnection to BP output set.

results in form of {Res1 (i, j")} set

where j" =1 … m3

metrics.

**102**

$$\{\text{Res2}\ (\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j}'')\} = \{\text{Res1}\ (\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j}'')\} \tag{11}$$

Formulas (9)–(11) create basis of Principle Businesses Process Linguistic Modeling Equation (hereinafter known as PBPL Equation [21]. This equation has an endless number of solutions and any of them is closely related to the actual problem area solution.

#### **4.4 Business process transformation operands and metrics**

### *4.4.1 Business process transformation operands*

The transformation operands play an important role when providing conversion of process inputs into pre-defined outputs and might be quantified adequate linguistic sets {[TOP1 (i, j1)]}, {[TOP2 (i, j2)]} [22]. A linguistic set denoted as {[TOP1 (i, j1)]} is a set, the elements of which contain data concerned with the *transformation functions* and [TOP2 (i, j2)] is a set, the elements of which contain data concerned with the *transformation tools.* However, the transformation functions contain the following elements: (a) inspiration, (b) definition, (c) research, (d) production, (e) approval, and (f) realization as well, while the transformation tools are represented by: (a) words, images and sound effect, (b) drawings, (c) conceptual models and (d) implantation models [3].

#### *4.4.2 Business process metrics*

A business metric is any type of measurement used to gauge some quantifiable component of a company's performance, such as return on investment (ROI), employee and customer churn rates, revenues, and EBITDA. Business metrics are part of the broad arena of business intelligence, which comprises a wide variety of applications and technologies for gathering, storing, analyzing, and providing access to data to help enterprise users make better business decisions.

The core parts of metrics include: (a) measurement units, (b) reporting period (c) reporting frequency, (d) the current value of the metric with the latest data, (e) previous values of metrics and (f) trend – this is the change in value over time when comparing it with the actual value to previous values<sup>7</sup> [24].

On one hand, the business provided in any firm or company is identified by a set of business processes, which are running there. On the other hand, any business process (BP) is represented by its own vertical and horizontal structure, while both structure types might be quantified via adequate linguistic sets and the {Pe (i, j)} linguistic set consists of two subsets {Pe1 (i, j1)} and {Pe2 (i, j2)}. The {Pe1 (i, j1)} linguistic set consists of further subordinated set {[TOP1 (i, j1)]} concerned with BP transformation operands and {[TOP2 (i, j2)]} one is concerned with business process transformation tools.

However, the {Pe2 (i, j2)} linguistic set is concerned with business process metrics issues as well, while two types of BP metrics might be postulated:

<sup>7</sup> IT Manager's Guide Metrics TechExcel [23].

(a) external metrics and (b) internal metrics. When quantifying both metrics types via linguistic sets formula (12) might be postulated

$$\left\{ \left[ \mathbf{P} \mathbf{e}\_2 \ (\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j}\_2) \right] \right\} = \left\{ \left[ \mathbf{E} \mathbf{M} \ (\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j}\_3) \right], \left[ \mathbf{IM} \ (\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j}\_4) \right] \right\} \tag{12}$$

Where

[EM (i, j3)] – is a linguistic set, which represents BP external metrics [IM (i, j4)] – is a linguistic set, which represents BP internal metrics

Both the above-mentioned linguistic sets seem to be independent and they might be postulated as individual linguistic sets {[EM (i, j3)]} and {[IM (i, j4)]}. The {[EM (i, j3)]} linguistic set represents a BP external metrics, which is concerned with BP inputs [IMP (I, j3a)], and BP outputs [OUTP (i, j3b)]}. The {[IM (i, j4)]} linguistic set represents a BP internal metrics, which is concerned with BP production devices [DEV (i, j6)], BP production tools [TOOL (i, j7)], and BP human resources [HR (i, j8)] [22] With respect to the above-mentioned issues the following formulas might be postulated

$$\{\left[\text{EM (i,j\_3)}\right]\} = \{\left[\text{IMP (i,j\_{3a})}\right], \left[\text{OUTP (i,j\_{3b})}\right]\}\tag{13}$$

$$\{\left[\text{IM (i,j\_4)}\right]\} = \{\left[\text{DEV (i,j\_6)}\right], \left[\text{TOOL (i,j\_7)}\right], \left[\text{HR (i,j\_8)}\right]\}\tag{14}$$

However, that representation of business process metrics will be applied within Section 7 of that chapter as well.

### **5. DTS-system: general overview**

A System of Data Transfer from Creative Economy business processes to Micro and Macro processes and vice versa based on Cultural Heritage Processes (hereinafter known as Data Transfer System—DTS-System) represents a complex system, which should provide an appropriate information and knowledge-based support for business processes running within Creative Economy System (CE System), System of Microprocesses (MIC System) and System of Macroprocesses (MAC System), which create an integral part of social and economic processes as well, while a Culture Heritage Creation and Management plays a role of principle importance in the above-mentioned DTS System. On the other hand, the DTS System should provide a bi-directional data transfer: (a) Data Transfer from Creative Economy business processes to Micro and Macro processes and (b) Data Transfer from Macroprocesses (MA Processes) to Creative Economy business processes (CE Processes), while the MIC System plays a role of intermediator agent as well. The entire DTS system should be implemented and operated via Economic Network System (EN System), which consist of three EN subsystems.

#### **6. DTS-system: structure and functionality**

#### **6.1 External and internal structure**

The DTS system is represented by its own *internal* and *external* structure and both structure types are separated via adequate *grey zone* (see also Section 2). The DTS System external and internal structure, incl. adequate grey zone is shown **Figure 1** and create basis for design of DTS System conceptual, logical and implementation model.

The DTS system is represented by its own *internal* and *external* structure and both structure types are separated via adequate *grey zone* (see also Section 2). The DTS System external structure is created by social and economic processes, while both of them generate data or information for macroprocesses (MAC Processes), which provide further data or information for microprocesses (MIC Processes) and creative economy processes (CE Processes). However, the MAC Processes contain elements, which enable data transfer from external environment to MAC processes (sensors) and from MAC processes to external environment (effectors) as well. The

*System of Data Transfer from and to Social and Economic Processes via Creative Economy…*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94006*

same is concerned to MIC and CE Processes).

*Layout of the DTS system external and internal structure. Source: The Authors.*

**Figure 1.**

**105**

*System of Data Transfer from and to Social and Economic Processes via Creative Economy… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94006*

#### **Figure 1.**

(a) external metrics and (b) internal metrics. When quantifying both metrics types

Both the above-mentioned linguistic sets seem to be independent and they might be postulated as individual linguistic sets {[EM (i, j3)]} and {[IM (i, j4)]}. The {[EM (i, j3)]} linguistic set represents a BP external metrics, which is concerned with BP inputs [IMP (I, j3a)], and BP outputs [OUTP (i, j3b)]}. The {[IM (i, j4)]} linguistic set represents a BP internal metrics, which is concerned with BP production devices [DEV (i, j6)], BP production tools [TOOL (i, j7)], and BP human resources [HR (i, j8)] [22] With respect to the above-mentioned issues the following formulas

, IM i, j4

, OUTP i, j3b

 , HR i, j8 (14)

(12)

(13)

via linguistic sets formula (12) might be postulated

*Operations Management - Emerging Trend in the Digital Era*

EM i, j3

(EN System), which consist of three EN subsystems.

**6. DTS-system: structure and functionality**

**6.1 External and internal structure**

implementation model.

**104**

<sup>¼</sup> DEV i, j6

<sup>¼</sup> IMP I, j3a

, TOOL i, j7

However, that representation of business process metrics will be applied within

A System of Data Transfer from Creative Economy business processes to Micro and Macro processes and vice versa based on Cultural Heritage Processes (hereinafter known as Data Transfer System—DTS-System) represents a complex system, which should provide an appropriate information and knowledge-based support for business processes running within Creative Economy System (CE System), System of Microprocesses (MIC System) and System of Macroprocesses (MAC System), which create an integral part of social and economic processes as well, while a Culture Heritage Creation and Management plays a role of principle importance in the above-mentioned DTS System. On the other hand, the DTS System should provide a bi-directional data transfer: (a) Data Transfer from Creative Economy business processes to Micro and Macro processes and (b) Data Transfer from Macroprocesses (MA Processes) to Creative Economy business processes (CE Processes), while the MIC System plays a role of intermediator agent as well. The entire DTS system should be implemented and operated via Economic Network System

The DTS system is represented by its own *internal* and *external* structure and both structure types are separated via adequate *grey zone* (see also Section 2). The DTS System external and internal structure, incl. adequate grey zone is shown **Figure 1** and create basis for design of DTS System conceptual, logical and

Where

might be postulated

IM i, j4

Section 7 of that chapter as well.

**5. DTS-system: general overview**

Pe2 i, j2

<sup>¼</sup> EM i, j3

[EM (i, j3)] – is a linguistic set, which represents BP external metrics [IM (i, j4)] – is a linguistic set, which represents BP internal metrics

*Layout of the DTS system external and internal structure. Source: The Authors.*

The DTS system is represented by its own *internal* and *external* structure and both structure types are separated via adequate *grey zone* (see also Section 2). The DTS System external structure is created by social and economic processes, while both of them generate data or information for macroprocesses (MAC Processes), which provide further data or information for microprocesses (MIC Processes) and creative economy processes (CE Processes). However, the MAC Processes contain elements, which enable data transfer from external environment to MAC processes (sensors) and from MAC processes to external environment (effectors) as well. The same is concerned to MIC and CE Processes).

**Figure 2.**

*CEPS system linguistic set objectives. Source: The Authors.*

#### **6.2 The creative economy process system structure**

In general, any system of business processes might have its own vertical and horizontal structure, while the same is concerned with wit business processes, which create an integral part of the creative economy system. With respect to the fact, that the creative economy process system (CEPS) described within that contribution contains a set of business processes closely related to cultural heritage production and management, that system vertical structure is created by two business process: (a) Cultural heritage creation - production (b) (CHCP) and Cultural heritage management (CHMP). The CEPS system horizontal structure is created by elements shown in **Figure 2**.

#### **6.3 The creative economy process system content**

The previous section deals with CEPS system horizontal and vertical structure elements, however there is one more important aspect, which is closely related to content of culture heritage creation and culture heritage management processes, which play a role of principle importance within Creative Economy System to be investigated. However, there is another component, which create the CEPS system content as well, while any of those components has its own structure elements and those elements are denoted as the linguistic sets<sup>8</sup> and are concerned with appropriate objectives shown in **Figure 3**, while the structure of appropriate subordinated linguistic sets is shown in **Figure 4**.

In general, any process or business process horizontal structure is created by appropriate business process functions (BPFs), which might be quantified via adequate linguistic sets, which enable quantifying the BPFs information and knowledge-based support closely related to a given business process. When looking at **Figure 2** you can see the creative economy business process functions DATRA\_03\_01 up to DATRA\_03\_05 and the above-mentioned linguistic sets postulated as {[Performance dimensions (i. j)]}, {[Economic capital (i. j)]}, {[Cultural capital (i. j)]}, {[Symbolic capital (i. j)]}, {[Social capital (i. j)]}.

**7. Conceptual model**

*The DTS System – Conceptual Model. Source: The Authors.*

*CEPS system linguistic set objective subsets. Source: The Authors.*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94006*

**Figure 4.**

**107**

**Figure 3.**

**7.1 General overview**

The DTS System – Conceptual Model is a standardized system denoted as DATRA\_09 Data Transfer Conceptual Model, which should provide a bi-directional data transfer. On one hand, from Creative Economy Business Processes (CEP Pro-

*System of Data Transfer from and to Social and Economic Processes via Creative Economy…*

Microprocess to Macroprocesses (MAC Processes) and on the other hand, we have to consider the data transfer from macroprocesses, throughout microprocesses up to CEP Processes as well, while DTS System – Conceptual Model consists of four subsystems as shown in **Figure 4**. Moreover, the individual subsystems include sets of adequate components will be written within further sections of that chapter. However, the DTS System contains a set of adequate business processes as postulated within **Figure 4** as well, while a business process modeling linguistic

cesses) to Microprocesses (MIC Processes) and (MIC Processes) and from

In **Figure 2**, there are specified BPFs and appropriate linguistic sets closely related to those BPFs information and knowledge-based support, however in **Figure 3** the reader might see the specification in more details as well.

<sup>8</sup> The problems of linguistic sets mentioned in that section are explained within Section 4.3.

*System of Data Transfer from and to Social and Economic Processes via Creative Economy… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94006*

#### **Figure 3.**

**6.2 The creative economy process system structure**

*Operations Management - Emerging Trend in the Digital Era*

*CEPS system linguistic set objectives. Source: The Authors.*

**6.3 The creative economy process system content**

elements shown in **Figure 2**.

**Figure 2.**

linguistic sets is shown in **Figure 4**.

{[Social capital (i. j)]}.

**106**

In general, any system of business processes might have its own vertical and horizontal structure, while the same is concerned with wit business processes, which create an integral part of the creative economy system. With respect to the fact, that the creative economy process system (CEPS) described within that contribution contains a set of business processes closely related to cultural heritage production and management, that system vertical structure is created by two business process: (a) Cultural heritage creation - production (b) (CHCP) and Cultural heritage management (CHMP). The CEPS system horizontal structure is created by

The previous section deals with CEPS system horizontal and vertical structure elements, however there is one more important aspect, which is closely related to content of culture heritage creation and culture heritage management processes, which play a role of principle importance within Creative Economy System to be investigated. However, there is another component, which create the CEPS system content as well, while any of those components has its own structure elements and those elements are denoted as the linguistic sets<sup>8</sup> and are concerned with appropriate objectives shown in **Figure 3**, while the structure of appropriate subordinated

In general, any process or business process horizontal structure is created by appropriate business process functions (BPFs), which might be quantified via adequate linguistic sets, which enable quantifying the BPFs information and knowledge-based support closely related to a given business process. When looking at **Figure 2** you can see the creative economy business process functions DATRA\_03\_01 up to DATRA\_03\_05 and the above-mentioned

{[Economic capital (i. j)]}, {[Cultural capital (i. j)]}, {[Symbolic capital (i. j)]},

<sup>8</sup> The problems of linguistic sets mentioned in that section are explained within Section 4.3.

In **Figure 2**, there are specified BPFs and appropriate linguistic sets closely related to those BPFs information and knowledge-based support, however in **Figure 3** the reader might see the specification in more details as well.

linguistic sets postulated as {[Performance dimensions (i. j)]},

*CEPS system linguistic set objective subsets. Source: The Authors.*

**Figure 4.**

*The DTS System – Conceptual Model. Source: The Authors.*

### **7. Conceptual model**

#### **7.1 General overview**

The DTS System – Conceptual Model is a standardized system denoted as DATRA\_09 Data Transfer Conceptual Model, which should provide a bi-directional data transfer. On one hand, from Creative Economy Business Processes (CEP Processes) to Microprocesses (MIC Processes) and (MIC Processes) and from Microprocess to Macroprocesses (MAC Processes) and on the other hand, we have to consider the data transfer from macroprocesses, throughout microprocesses up to CEP Processes as well, while DTS System – Conceptual Model consists of four subsystems as shown in **Figure 4**. Moreover, the individual subsystems include sets of adequate components will be written within further sections of that chapter.

However, the DTS System contains a set of adequate business processes as postulated within **Figure 4** as well, while a business process modeling linguistic

#### **Figure 5.**

*(a) The principal layout of Data transfer between CE Process and MIC Process internal metrics items Part 1 (cultural and symbolic capital) and intellectual capital part 2. Source: The Authors. (b) The principal layout of Data transfer between CE Process and MIC Process internal metrics items Part 2 (social capital) and intellectual capital part 3. Source: The Authors.*

approach (hereinafter known as BPLM Approach) should be applied to quantify the data transfer from CEP Processes up to MAC Processes. The BPLM Approach is based on specialized type of sets denoted as the linguistic sets.<sup>9</sup> The structure and functionality of data transfer conceptual model subsystems is described within further sections of that chapter

In **Figure 4**, there are shown the DTS System – Conceptual Model subsystems, which are being described within subsequent sections as well, while the data transfer related to an appropriate business process internal metrics is shown in **Figure 5a** and **b** and the principal layout of the DTS System structure and bi-directional functionality is shown in **Figures 6** and **7**.
