**2.2 Description**

flow system that should be followed by maintenance planner is proposed in

*Operations Management - Emerging Trend in the Digital Era*

of machine, measuring performance, and prop up decision making. The

Work orders raised from different departments will be filled on formal work order request form and approved by department manager and submitted to maintenance planner. Therefore, the planner will organize work order from its request formats. Based on the demand, works can move quickly in terms of allocating manpower, arrangement of spare parts to complete the given task effectively. Next work orders released to executers during execution maintenance planners has to follow the progress and quality of work. After completion, the maintenance work should be validated or confirmed for successfulness. This can measure by reworks and/or number of defects. Record keeping is the last stage. It helps to keep histories

**Figure 4** beneath.

**Figure 4.**

**322**

*Recommended maintenance work flow algorithm.*

Awash wine factory uses breakdown maintenance strategy with fixed time preventive maintenance management system. That means the machines are maintained according to the maintenance program planned once in a year. But these types of maintenance system is not efficient for such batch production type process, thus preventive maintenance strategy with condition-based maintenance policy is advisable for such industries. The recommended work flow model consists both preventive and reactive work flow system, for the following basic reasons: (1) it is ideal to make an accident free production system, (2) it is difficult to make a complete paradigm shifting of the existing maintenance culture of the plant from breakdown to preventive once, thus breakdown maintenance should be incorporated in the recommended system and gradually changed into pure preventive strategy.

Regularly, preventive maintenance activities have been planned and implemented to each and every machine and equipment in the organization. As a result, the condition of the machine or equipment could be found and hence, the maintenance is decided whether it should be small, medium or high and even some times the maintenance is not required. Accordingly, the feedback is considered to make a plan to work out on good and repaired machineries together. The selection of a part and quantity of the spare parts are to be ordered concurrently to minimize the time to wait for spare parts. Finally, the observations and feedback has been analyzed for the future maintenance and stored safely. The model consists of basic activities to be performed so as to reduce the breakdown time and maintenance cost.

**Preventive maintenance:** at the beginning of every fiscal year, preventive maintenance plans are prepared by maintenance planner discussing with maintenance supervisor, and finally approved by engineering and maintenance manager. Based on the annual plan, preventive maintenance is initiated by assigning an expert/technician. The assigned maintenance crew conducts PM activity on machineries/equipment and identifies the necessary services to be undertaken. Based on the assessment of the assigned maintenance crew, engineering and maintenance manager decides whether internal capacity exists or not. If internal capacity exists for the periodical service, then the assigned maintenance crew will service the machine. If internal capacity does not exist, then engineering and maintenance manager/commercial department head will outsource the service.

Verification is conducted to ensure that the maintenance job is done to prevent the occurrence of potential failures. Maintenance report is prepared indicating the type of service undertaken and the responsibilities allocated at various maintenance stages.

**Corrective maintenance:** Assigned expert/technician conducts inspection on the machine/equipment requested for maintenance and records the findings including:


Based on the assessment of the assigned expert/technician, depending on the machine to be maintained, engineering and maintenance manager decides on whether internal capacity exists or not and other related information with maintenance. If internal capacity exists for the break down maintenance, then the maintenance work is planned and executed. If internal capacity does not exist, then engineering and maintenance manager/commercial department head will outsource the service. Verification is conducted to ensure that the maintenance job is done to prevent the occurrence of potential failures. Maintenance report is prepared indicating the type of maintenance undertaken and the responsibilities allocated at various maintenance stages.
