*4.1.1 General overview*

A real business is getting started, after an appropriate business strategy creation and implementation. However, any business might be running properly and

*Business Process Linguistic Modeling: Theory and Practice Part II: BPLM Business Process… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95350*

efficiently without running adequate business process (BP) as well, while their structure and functionality plays a role of principle importance. The BP structure represents BP static aspects, however the BP functionality is closely related to BP dynamics and performance, the result of which are being compared with KPI indicators established within evaluation of the or company business strategy. As a result of that, we have to know the BP structure and functionality, where business process modeling and BP modeling tools seem to be very significant important matter. However, there exist many different approaches BP modeling, incl./ methods and techniques as well, while the ARIS methodology designed by prof. Scheer [2, 4] seems to be the standard applied round the globe. On the other hand, many other approaches and methodologies related o business process modeling exist, while one of the is denoted as business process linguistic modeling (BPLM) based on existence of so called linguistic sets, which create basis for BP static aspects quantifying, while they create basis of Principle Businesses Process Linguistic Modeling Equation (PBPL Equation), which enables quantifying BP functionality aspects. We shall discuss those principles within, next subsections.

#### *4.1.2 Business process model views*

**2.3 Business process modeling -linguistic approach—application programs**

programs and which could be tested for practical purposes.

*Operations Management - Emerging Trend in the Digital Era*

adequate research methods should be postulated and applied:

linguistic sets and PBPL Equation

to internal BPF metrics.

functionality

**4. Results and discussion**

*4.1.1 General overview*

**194**

**3. Research methods**

Business Process Management (BPM) has been receiving increasing attention in recent years. Many organizations have been adapting their business to a processcentered view since they started noticing its potential to reduce costs, improve productivity and achieve higher levels of quality. However, implementing BPM in organizations requires time, making the automation of process identification and discovery highly desirable. To achieve this expectation, the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques and tools has emerged to generate process models from unstructured text. However, no BPLM functional application programs were found, which would be similar to system ARIS or Bizagi application

There are techniques applied to the BPM life-cycle phases of process identifica-

In order to achieve, the main goal four partial and subordinated aims a set of

• Business process linguistic modeling (BPLM) approach, where linguistic set seem to be elements of principle importance and the PBPL Equation as well.

• With respect to pre-defined partial aims, functional, process, information and knowledge based support views should be postulated and quantified via

• As a result of that, the BPF main linguistic set together with transformation rules and transformation functions should be defined as well as subsets related

• A set of reference databases (RDBs) and SNWs should be designed in order be possible to generate valid rules, which regulate BP and BPF structure and

• An appropriate expert system - ES (knowledge base and inference engine) should be designed, where the above-mentioned rules could be stored and accessible to authorized users via inference engine components, while the ES

should be implemented with the use of Ontotext components.

**4.1 BPLM process designer – structure and functionality BPLM process**

and implementation. However, any business might be running properly and

A real business is getting started, after an appropriate business strategy creation

**designer – structure and functionality – qualitative view**

tion, process discovery and process analysis as well as tools to support process discovery. The results of the present study may be valuable to support research in extraction of business process models from natural language text [6, 7, 24, 25, 30].

> However, the ARIS methodology creates basis for BPLM approach as well, while there are defined BP model four views: (a) functional view, (b) process view, (c) data view and (d) organizational view as well, we shall apply and modify them as follows: (a) functional view, (b) process view, (c) information support view, (d) knowledge-based view and (e) organization support view and all those views will be respected, when creating the BPLM Designer, which creates an integral part of the entire business process linguistic modeling system (BLM System). On one hand, the BPLM Designer seems to a subsystem closely related to the BPLM System, while it consist of the following components: (a) BPLM Process Analysis and Design, (b) BPLM Process simulation and (c) BPLM Optimization component, while the BP Architecture model seems to be the main result of BPLM Designer functionality.

#### *4.1.3 Business process model functional view*

Business process model functional view represents a functionality of core, main, subordinated, and elementary business processes implemented and operated within actual firm or company and indicates appropriate relations among them, however that view does not indicate any BP outposts and BP inputs. The adequate BPs are being quantified via appropriate linguistic sets and relations among the is quantified via PBPL Equation with respect o Consideration no 1 (see also Section 4.2.1).

#### *4.1.4 Business process model process view*

The ARIS methodology describes the BP model process view as a sequence of business process functions (BPFs), which the actual business process consists of and does not consider about BPF structure and functionality. In general, any BPF provides conversion (transformation) of BP inputs to BP pre-defined outputs and consist of: (a) transformation rules, (b) transformation tools and BP internal metrics items, while the BP internal metrics items and values are closely related to BP transformation tools as well and they are quantified via appropriate linguistic subsets, which create an integral part of the actual BPF linguistic set {[BPF (i, j)]}, while formula (1) might be postulated.

$$\{\{\text{BPF } (\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j})\}\} = \{ [\text{BPF } \text{TR } (\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j}1)], [\text{BPF } \text{TT } (\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j}2)], [\text{BPF } \text{IM } (\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j}3)] \} \tag{1}$$

information support view at two levels: (a) internal level and (b) external level. On one hand, the internal level is closely related to BPF transformation rules and transformation tools, while the BPF rules regulate the BP tools and the semantic networks are interconnected to RDBs within knowledge representation process. On the other hand, the external level is related to external data sources and transformation of selected from them in order to be possible a generation of new knowledge based on existing one and the above-mentioned data selected and transferred from external data resources. However, at that level adequate linguistic sets and relation among them play a role of principle importance as well, while they are described

*Business Process Linguistic Modeling: Theory and Practice Part II: BPLM Business Process…*

**4.2 BPLM process designer – structure and functionality BPLM process designer – structure and functionality – quantitative view**

business processes (SBP) and elementary business processes<sup>1</sup> (EBP).

relating to the {CBP (I, j)}, while formula (3) might be postulated.

external metrics as well, while formulas (4) and (5) might be postulated.

represents a number subordinated processes relating to the BP investigated.

<sup>1</sup> The BP, which cannot be decomposed in other subordinated one or its further decomposition is

meaningless from practical point of view is denoted as the elementary process.

The functional view deals with the BP vertical structure, which is created by core business processes (CBP), main business processes (MBP), subordinated

The view on a process as a structured chain of activities has a direct coupling to coordination as defined by Malone & Crowston. Coordination is simply the management of the dependencies between these activities. This implies that coordination is an activity in itself carried out by some actors. The work object of the coordination activity is coordination manifested as various tangible and

Now, we shall try quantifying those aspects with the use of PBPL Equation [25, 26]. BP Model Functional view quantification with the use of PBPL Equation. Let us consider a core business process CBP (0, I) Utility Glass Production represented by the {CBP (I, j)} linguistic set being decomposed into CBP (0, 1) Utility Glass Production Preparation denoted as CBP (i', j') represented by {CBP (i', j')} linguistic set i' = 1 … … n' j=1 … ..m1' and CBP (i", j") i' = 1 … .n",j=1 … .m1" Utility Glass Production Management represented by {CBP (i", j")} linguistic set, while the {CBP (i', j')} and {CBP (i", j")} are considered to be the linguistic subsets

However, the CBP (0, I) business process is represented by its own internal and

Where index i' represents a hierarchic level of BP to be investigated and j' index

Now, we shall try to investigate how the superior core business process together with its internal and external metrics should be decomposed related to lower levels of management. With respect to this issue, we shall postulate two important

f g CBP I, j ð Þ ¼ f g ½ � CBP ið Þg ', j' , CBP i ½ � ð Þ ", j" (3)

f g CBPm ð Þ I, j ¼ f g ½ � CBPmint ð Þ I, j , CBP ½ � miextð Þ I, j (5)

f g� CBP I, j ð Þ f g CBPm ð Þ I, j (4)

within Section 4.2.4 and Consideration no. 4 too.

*4.2.1 BP functional view consideration no. 1*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95350*

intangible elements in the organization.

questions.

**197**

where

i = 1, 2 … n is the index which indicates the BP, which an appropriate BPF is beingassigned to.

[BPF\_TR (i, j1)] - Transformation rule linguistic set – the set elements represent math rules and algorithms, which regulate the BPF transformation process

[BPF\_TT (i, j2)] - Transformation tool linguistic set – the set elements represent closely related to human resources HRs, production technological device resources PDEV and production technological tool resources PTOOL, while formula (2) might be postulated

$$[\text{BPF\\_TT (i,j2)}] = [(\text{HRs (i,j21)}, \text{PDEV (i,j22)}, (\text{PTOOL (i,j23)}) \tag{2}$$

where

(HRs (i, j22), � the linguistic set, which contains data closely related to human resources, which participate at transformation operations within actual BPFfunctionality.

(PDEV (i, j21), � the linguistic set, which contains data closely related to production technological device resources, which participate at transformation operations within actual BPF functionality.

(PTOOL (i, j21), � the linguistic set, which contains data closely related to production technological tool resources, which participate at transformation operations within actual BPF functionality.

[BPF\_IM (i, j3)]} - BP internal metrics linguistic set, the content of which represent subsets, which contain data closely related to operational and technical parameters of to production technological device resources and theoretical knowledge and practical skills of human resources

However, any BP is represented by external metrics items, which are closely related to actual BP inputs and outputs as well. The actual linguistic sets and algorithms concerned with relations among them are described in Section 4.2.2 via Consideration no. 2.

#### *4.1.5 Business process model information support view*

In general, no business process proper and efficient functionality is possible without appropriate information support. At that level, the information support deals with reference database (RDBs) functionality and corresponds with their conceptual, logical and physical model. All linguistic seta related to BPF structure and functionality are stored in those RDBs and are closely related to BPF knowledge based support, while they contain pointers to appropriate semantic networks (SNWs), which create basis of BP knowledge-based support. However, they contain pointers to external data or information support resources (SAP components especially).

The actual linguistic sets and algorithms concerned with relations among them are described in Section 4.2.3 via Consideration no. 3.

#### *4.1.6 Business process model knowledge-based support view*

In a previous section, we have postulated that no business process proper and efficient functionality is possible without appropriate information support. However, the same is concerned with the BP knowledge-based support. The BP knowledge-based support provides interconnection between the BP process and

#### *Business Process Linguistic Modeling: Theory and Practice Part II: BPLM Business Process… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95350*

information support view at two levels: (a) internal level and (b) external level. On one hand, the internal level is closely related to BPF transformation rules and transformation tools, while the BPF rules regulate the BP tools and the semantic networks are interconnected to RDBs within knowledge representation process. On the other hand, the external level is related to external data sources and transformation of selected from them in order to be possible a generation of new knowledge based on existing one and the above-mentioned data selected and transferred from external data resources. However, at that level adequate linguistic sets and relation among them play a role of principle importance as well, while they are described within Section 4.2.4 and Consideration no. 4 too.
