**2. State of the art**

#### **2.1 Business process modeling -standardized, semantic and ontology approach**

#### *2.1.1 Standardized approach*

At present, business process management becomes a matter of principal importance all over the world and the development trends indicate leaving for the isolated business process (BP) e. g. sales or purchase and investigation of business process complexity is considered to be more and more important. After WW2, the systems related to managerial quality have been aimed to features of articles in most cases. A need to stabilize a quality of products has flown into management of those business processes, which were closely related to production of products. At present, the firms or companies investigate not only internal processes; however they pay an appropriate attention to external business processes as well [21], while an understanding of BP structure and functionality incl. Creating of appropriate models (modeling) creates an integral part of business process management too. When looking at business process modeling (BPM) modern history, the first steps in these branches are closely related to ARIS methodology created by prof. Scheer [2, 4] who developed an adequate application for those purposes denoted as ARIS System,

#### *Business Process Linguistic Modeling: Theory and Practice Part II: BPLM Business Process… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95350*

while that methodology seems to be a standard utilized round the world and this modeling approach is denoted as standardized BP modeling approach [3, 22]. This approach has been applied in seventies of twentieth century, while it was based on the principle that a quality of products is determined by quality of production business process and their check and control and management is considered to be a matter of principal importance. However, there are other approaches based on symbolic, semantic and linguistic methodologies [12] where a text in natural language (English, Slovak, Czech, etc.) – TNL Text, together with methodologies based on BP ontologies play a role of principle importance as well and create basis for establishment of so called BP modeling symbolic, semantic and ontology approach, are very briefly discussed within Section 2.1.2.

#### *2.1.2 Business process models based on symbolic, semantic and ontology approach*

In current business process models, the functional perspective (also can be referred to in the literature as business capability, functionality or business function) for each process activity is limited to its label [23, 24], while an appropriate symbol, which creates basis for business process modeling. On the other hand a single label is not enough to describe properly the capability of a particular process element (i.e. activity, fragment or entire process). Using labels only prevents stakeholders from easily and quickly understanding business processes or identifying the differences and commonalities between them in terms of business properties [23–26]. When required, stakeholders need to read the business process documentation in order to find out what a process element does, expressed in terms of business properties. All the above-mentioned create basis for business process modeling symbolic approach. However, in the literature, several languages for BP have been proposed. Such languages can be sketchily gathered in three large groups (a) Descriptive languages, (b) Procedural languages and (c) ontology-based process languages, such as those declared in [6, 7, 24, 26]. This group of languages have a wider scope, aiming at modeling semantically rich processes in an ontological context, and have been conceived not directly connected to the business world [27, 28].

#### **2.2 Business process modeling -linguistic approach: theory**

In general, the linguistic modeling approach described and discussed in that contribution is based on the business process, the qualitative and quantitative aspects might be described via standardized TNL text logical sentences, a content of which is quantified via specialized types of sets denoted as linguistic sets, and relations among them are being quantified via PBPL Equation, and any BP to be modeled is represented via specialized linguistic sets closely related to its external and internal metrics [29]. On the other hand, the fact that the modeled BP horizontal structure is created by business process functions, which the BP to be modeled consists of plays a role of principle importance and might be quantified by one linguistic set, which contains three subordinated ones: (a) transformation rules, transformation functions and (c) BPF external and internal metrics. An establishment of transformation rules and transformation functions together with relations among BPF internal and external metrics and BPF transformation functions is discussed within Section 4. However, that section deals with that application implementation and operation as well, while that application is an expert system, where the knowledge stored in an appropriate knowledge base are represented with the use of reference databases (RDBs) and sematic networks (SNWs). This approach is denoted as BP modeling linguistic approach (BPLM Approach) and will be discussed within further sections of that contribution [15].

people who provide BP implementation and execution as well, while requires research on comparative of business process modeling techniques to overcome the above problems. This research is limited in four business process modeling techniques which often used the comparative analysis phase. Four business process modeling techniques are: (a) Data Flow Diagram (DFD), (b) Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN), (c) Activity Diagram, or (d) Integration Definition for Function Modeling (IDEF0) and all the above-mentioned techniques together with ARIS methodology [2–4] create an integral part of so called BP modeling standardized approach. On the other hand there are a lot of BP modeling methods and techniques based on semantic and ontology approach or based on analysis of texts in natural language [5–7] (TNL texts), which describe the BP structure and functionality, while BP modeling based on semantic and ontology [5, 8–11] principles play a role of significant importance too. However, there is another one group of BP modeling approaches and methodologies, which are based on so called linguistic set [12, 13] and Principle Businesses Process Linguistic Modeling Equation (PBPL Equation) [14–16], which regulates relations among them. This approach is denoted as business process linguistic modeling (BPLM Modeling) covered by BPLM Process Modeling System, which consists of Business Process Strategy Creator [4, 17–20] and BPLM Designer, the design of its conceptual model seems to be the main goal of that contribution, while adequate BP model views should be respected, it means functional, process, information and knowledge-based support BP model view. In order to achieve, the main goal four partial and subordinated aims should be postulated and fulfilled. The first partial aim is closely related to BPLM Process Designer qualitative proposal design (see also Section 4.1). The second partial aim is closely related to quantification of BPLM Designer structure and functionality, where adequate linguistic sets and PBPL Equation is applied (see also Section 4.2). The third partial aim is concerned with derivation of BP function (BPF) rules, which regulate the BP and BPF functionality (see also Section 4.3) and the fourth partial aim deals with BPLM Process Designer - implementation and operation (see also Section 4.5). However, an appropriate case study creates an integral part of that contribution, the aim of which is to show how the derived math relations and algorithms should be applied related to BPLM Process Designer functionality as well (see also Section 4.4).

*Operations Management - Emerging Trend in the Digital Era*

**2.1 Business process modeling -standardized, semantic and ontology approach**

At present, business process management becomes a matter of principal importance all over the world and the development trends indicate leaving for the isolated business process (BP) e. g. sales or purchase and investigation of business process complexity is considered to be more and more important. After WW2, the systems related to managerial quality have been aimed to features of articles in most cases. A need to stabilize a quality of products has flown into management of those business processes, which were closely related to production of products. At present, the firms or companies investigate not only internal processes; however they pay an appropriate attention to external business processes as well [21], while an understanding of BP structure and functionality incl. Creating of appropriate models (modeling) creates an integral part of business process management too. When looking at business process modeling (BPM) modern history, the first steps in these branches are closely related to ARIS methodology created by prof. Scheer [2, 4] who developed an adequate application for those purposes denoted as ARIS System,

**2. State of the art**

**192**

*2.1.1 Standardized approach*
