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*Optoelectronics*

**81**

**Chapter 5**

**Abstract**

Harvesting

*Nikhil Deep Gupta*

Periodic Nanophotonic

Structures-Based Light

Management for Solar Energy

Solar energy has always been an obvious choice for solving the energy issues for

**Keywords:** periodic nanophotonic structures, solar cells, photoelectrochemical cells,

As per the United Nations Foundation report [1], one of the major crises the world currently is facing is the climate change and sustainable energy solution. For sustainable development and to curb climate-related problems and at the same time for catering to the ever-increasing energy demands of the humans, more and more countries are shifting toward renewable energy sources. The factor, in turn, drives the development for the future access to affordable and sustainable energy through investment in the efficient renewable energy programs, such as Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission program [2] in India, which is one of the largest programs

Most part of the world is poised to have the solar energy available and that too for maximum part of the year. Also, it is an infinite source of energy that is freely available and that too without causing any environment adversaries. The energy

the humans for centuries. The two most popular choices, out of many, to harness this infinite source of energy are: solar cells and photoelectrochemical cells. Although both these techniques are quite attractive, they have inherent limitations for tapping all of the incident photons. Maximizing the absorption of incident photons to produce maximum possible electrical output is always the main impetus for the researchers working to streamline these two techniques and making them compatible with existing sources of electrical energy. It has been well established that the light trapping in the solar cells and photoelectrochemical cells can play a vital role in improving their performance. To design light harvesting structures for both these applications, periodic nanophotonic structures have demonstrated stupendous results and shown that they have the real potential to enhance their performance. The chapter, in this regard, presents and reviews the current and historical aspects of the light harvesting structures for these two interesting applications and also discusses about the future of the research to further the performance of

these large-area solar-to-electrical conversion transducers.

currently running in the world for renewable energy expansion.

photonic band gap, diffraction grating

**1. Introduction**
