**Author details**

*Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety*

forests to be 434 Mg ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>

*Systematic recycle of biochar in the environment.*

**Figure 2.**

processes remains unclear [21].

**6. Conclusion**

, about half of which is C. This C is lost if burned in

the slash-and-burn scenario and lost at a high percentage if used for biochar production. The Trade could provide an to cease further deforestation; instead, reforestation and recuperation of degraded land for fuel and food crops would gain magnitude. As tropical forests account for between 20 and 25% of the world terrestrial C reservoir [57] this consequently reduces emissions from tropical forest conversion, which is estimated to contribute globally as much as 25% of the net CO2 emissions [58]. Today most biomass gasification systems tend to suppress the creation of residuals, like total organic carbon (TOC) and ashes. The C-emission trading options and a better knowledge of biochar as soil additive would add value to these residues. Further, this would facilitate the use of alternative biomass, those which are currently avoided due to their higher TOC residuals. The tarry vapors constitute a significant loss of carbon during carbonization [59] although representing another valuable product. Japanese researchers attempt to produce biochar with a specific pore size distribution to favor desired microorganisms. Pore structure, surface area, and adsorption properties are strongly influenced by the peak temperature during biochar production [59]. Increasing porosity is achieved with increasing temperature but the functional groups are gradually lost. In this context, it is also important to discern the mechanisms of nutrient retention (mainly N) due to biochar applications. The biochar's low biodegradability [60], low nutrient content [59], and high porosity and specific surface area [61] make biochar a rather exceptional SOM constituent. *Terra Preta's* research has shown that oxidation on the edges of the aromatic backbone and adsorption of other organic matter to biochar is responsible for the increased CEC, though the relative importance of these two

Energy from crop residues could lower fossil energy consumption and CO2 emissions, and become a completely new income source for farmers and rural regions. A global analysis by revealed that up to 12% of the total anthropogenic C

**116**

Hanuman Singh Jatav1 \*, Satish Kumar Singh<sup>2</sup> , Surendra Singh Jatav2 , Vishnu D. Rajput3 , Manoj Parihar4 , Sonu Kumar Mahawer<sup>5</sup> , Rajesh Kumar Singhal5 and Sukirtee6

1 S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan, India

2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

3 Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

4 ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, India

5 ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India

6 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, India

\*Address all correspondence to: hanumaniasbhu@gmail.com; hsjatav.soils@sknau.ac.in

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
