1. Introduction
2. Epidemiology of CDI
Center of Disease Control and Prevention showed an elevation in the incidence and the severity of CDI [4]. More than 250,000 person need to be hospitalized due to CDI, and around 14,000 people die from it in the United States every year [5]. Among hospitalized patients, the incidence of CDI differs every year and from location to another. It has been elevating, to nearly 15 per 1000 hospital dismissal [6] and around 20 cases per 100,000 individual in the community [7].
3. C. difficile virulence factors
4. Diagnosis of CDI
Diagnosis of
Stool culture for
5. Prevention and treatment of CDI
Since there is no effective vaccine for the CDI control, prevention of the CDI has been a demand and it has focused on barrier methods and environmental hygiene in a trial for prohibiting
The treatment of CDI has not shown a big variation. For the acute infections, metronidazole and oral vancomycin has been the mainstay of treatment since 1970. Fidaxomicin was approved in 2011 by the Food and Drug Administration for CDI treatment [19]. Treatment of the first recurrent CDI infection is recommended with a repeat course of either metronidazole or vancomycin, and this regime is proved to be successful in 50% of patients [20]. Second recurrent infection can be treated with fidaxomicin which proved to prevent further episodes of
6. Conclusion
Since the CDI causes common and serious problems, many researchers have focused on improving the prevention and the treatment of CDI. In this book, we have focused on studying the pathogenesis and the virulence factors of
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